Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Global burden of non-optimal temperature attributable stroke: The long-term trends, population growth and aging effects.
Since the 20th century, the world has undergone climate change, population growth and population aging, which may result in alterations in the epidemiology of non-optimal temperature-associated strokes. We employed multiple methodologies and data from the global burden of disease 2019 to unveil the long-term curvilinear trends in strokes attributed to non-optimal temperature and the impact of aging and population growth on its changing epidemiology. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of strokes attributable to low temperature had been decreasing, but from 2016, the continued downward trend in ASDR disappeared and began to remain stable. ⋯ However, globally, there is a significant trend toward an increase in strokes attributed to high temperature. Social development has largely offset the burden of strokes attributed to low temperature, but most regions of the world are equally affected by strokes attributed to high temperature. Simultaneously, in the framework of climate change, aging is also largely hindering stroke prevention efforts.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Mediation analysis of the associations between neighbourhood walkability and greenness, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadians.
To estimate sex-specific associations (total, direct, and indirect effects) between objectively measured neighbourhood walkability and greenness and objectively measured physical activity and health-related fitness including cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in Canadian adults. ⋯ Residing in a neighbourhood with higher walkability may positively affect cardiorespiratory fitness but negatively affect muscular strength. The negative associations between neighbourhood walkability and LPA may offset potential positive associations between neighbourhood walkability and MPA and VPA and their subsequent influence on health-related fitness.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Beyond the waves: Unraveling pandemic outcomes with genomic insights and immunity analysis - Evidence from 14 countries.
Although the World Health Organization and many governments have recategorized COVID-19 as a generally mild to moderately severe disease, consecutive pandemic waves driven by immune escape variants have underscored the need for timely and accurate prediction of the next outbreak. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to translating genomic data and infection- and vaccine-induced immunity into direct estimates. ⋯ By leveraging readily accessible pre-outbreak genomic and epidemiologic data, our results not only substantiate the predictive potential of early variant fractions but also propose that immunity acquired through infection alone may not sufficiently mitigate transmission. Conversely, a rapid and widespread vaccination initiative appears to be correlated with a decrease in disease incidence.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Patients with diabetes in regions with population decline and likelihood of receiving diabetes management education and screenings for related complications in Korea.
Many municipal districts in Korea face population decline owing to overall population decreases and aging. We investigated the association between geographic rurality and likelihood of receiving diabetes management education and diabetic retinopathy and diabetes-related kidney disease screenings among adults with diabetes. ⋯ Our findings highlight the importance of increased monitoring and providing diabetes education and screenings for patients with diabetes living in rural areas.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Parenting practices, mental health, and electronic cigarette use among U.S. young adolescents: A longitudinal panel analysis, 2013-2018.
This study examined prospective association of parenting practices related to tobacco use with adolescent e-cigarette use and the moderating role of mental health among U.S. young adolescents. ⋯ Our findings highlight the important role of home-based interventions in discouraging young adolescents from e-cigarette use. Parents/guardians should consider adolescents' mental health to provide more efficient home- and/or clinical-based e-cigarette use prevention.