Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Mediation analysis of the associations between neighbourhood walkability and greenness, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadians.
To estimate sex-specific associations (total, direct, and indirect effects) between objectively measured neighbourhood walkability and greenness and objectively measured physical activity and health-related fitness including cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in Canadian adults. ⋯ Residing in a neighbourhood with higher walkability may positively affect cardiorespiratory fitness but negatively affect muscular strength. The negative associations between neighbourhood walkability and LPA may offset potential positive associations between neighbourhood walkability and MPA and VPA and their subsequent influence on health-related fitness.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination of adolescent females in Japan, considering cross-protection.
In April 2023, the Japanese Health Ministry panel approved the inclusion of the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine in the National Immunization Program, alongside the 2-valent (2vHPV) and 4-valent HPV (4vHPV) vaccines. In response to this, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of these three vaccines for routine immunization of girls aged 12-16 in Japan, considering the cross-protection of 2vHPV and 4vHPV vaccines. ⋯ Our study validates the cost-effectiveness of implementing the 9vHPV vaccine as the primary option over the 2vHPV or 4vHPV vaccine for girls in Japan. These findings underscore the need to improve the acceptance rate and coverage of HPV vaccinations in the country.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Patients with diabetes in regions with population decline and likelihood of receiving diabetes management education and screenings for related complications in Korea.
Many municipal districts in Korea face population decline owing to overall population decreases and aging. We investigated the association between geographic rurality and likelihood of receiving diabetes management education and diabetic retinopathy and diabetes-related kidney disease screenings among adults with diabetes. ⋯ Our findings highlight the importance of increased monitoring and providing diabetes education and screenings for patients with diabetes living in rural areas.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Perceived racism and discrimination and youth substance use in the United States - Intersections with sex and ethnicity.
This study sought to examine associations between U.S. adolescents' perceived racism and discrimination (PRD) at school and current substance use. ⋯ Efforts to promote awareness and create support environments that value diversity and inclusivity at school are needed to mitigate adolescent exposure to racism and discrimination.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Parenting practices, mental health, and electronic cigarette use among U.S. young adolescents: A longitudinal panel analysis, 2013-2018.
This study examined prospective association of parenting practices related to tobacco use with adolescent e-cigarette use and the moderating role of mental health among U.S. young adolescents. ⋯ Our findings highlight the important role of home-based interventions in discouraging young adolescents from e-cigarette use. Parents/guardians should consider adolescents' mental health to provide more efficient home- and/or clinical-based e-cigarette use prevention.