Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Racial and ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women in the United States: The contribution of vaccine-related attitudes.
Racial and ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women in the United States have been documented. This study assessed the contribution of vaccine-related attitudes to coverage disparities. ⋯ In a setting with relatively high influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women, racial and ethnic disparities in coverage were identified. Vaccine-related attitudes were associated with the disparities observed.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Associations of pedometer-measured ambulatory activity with incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: Strong heart family study.
Coronary heart disease has several risk factors that require a multifactorial community intervention approach in prevention efforts. Prevalence of coronary heart disease and its risk factors have been disproportionately high among American Indians. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of ambulatory activity levels on the development of coronary heart disease in this population. ⋯ Higher daily step count (over 7282 steps per day) is significantly associated with lower incidence of coronary heart disease among American Indian participants of the Strong Heart Family Study in a 20-year follow-up period.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Pedestrian-oriented zoning moderates the relationship between racialized economic segregation and active travel to work, United States.
Pedestrian-oriented zoning, including zoning code reforms (ZCR), may be especially beneficial to racially and economically segregated communities, which may lack built environment features that support physical activity. This study examined associations between racialized economic segregation, measured by quintiles of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes, and public transit (PTW) and active travel (ATW) to work, and whether associations were moderated by pedestrian-oriented zoning provisions and ZCR, respectively. ⋯ Pedestrian-oriented zoning can provide opportunities for ATW in the most deprived communities. Work is needed to explore zoning policy implementation in those communities.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Identifying disparities in suicidal thoughts and behaviors among US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) became more common among racial and ethnic minorities and sexual and gender minorities (SGM) during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to White and non-SGM adolescents. This study examines associations between pandemic-related stressors and STBs among a nationally representative sample of adolescents to identify vulnerable subpopulations. ⋯ Study findings indicate that pandemic-related stressors are associated with STBs within the US adolescent population, particularly among male and SGM female adolescents. Researchers are encouraged to use this knowledge to ensure nationwide suicide prevention efforts adequately address inequities in suicide risk.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
The importance of using disease causal models in studies of preventive interventions: Learning from preeclampsia research.
Interventions aimed at preventing disease are commonly studied as strategies of primary or secondary prevention. Unfortunately, this dichotomy can be misleading, and studies might unknowingly exclude people at high risk of the disease that could benefit from the intervention. Here I use the example of aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia to illustrate this problem. ⋯ Explicitly illustrating disease causal models helps to identify those individuals that are most likely to benefit from risk reduction, regardless of whether they were previously afflicted by the disease. This is beneficial when designing studies and when implementing preventive interventions.