Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2000
Comparative StudySociocultural variables in youth access to tobacco: replication 5 years later.
A prior study presented the only systematic investigation of the role of sociocultural variables in youth access to tobacco. White, black, and Latino girls and boys attempted to purchase cigarettes in the same 72 stores at the same time of day. Results revealed significantly greater sales to girls than to boys and to minorities than to whites. Before concluding that sociocultural variables must be addressed in merchant intervention programs designed to reduce youth access to tobacco, this study must be replicated, particularly in light of the significant decreases in youth access in the past 5 years. This article presents that replication. ⋯ Multiple sociocultural variables affect youth access to tobacco when access rates are high, but only youth ethnicity plays a role when access rates are low. Merchant interventions designed to reduce youth access to tobacco must address ethnic issues.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between receptivity to cigarette promotions and smoking uptake in a cohort of adolescents. ⋯ This study supports a close linkage between tobacco promotional activities and uptake of smoking among adolescents beyond baseline descriptions of receptivity to cigarette promotions. Over time, the likelihood of smoking uptake is increased when an adolescent acquires a CPI or becomes willing to use one and is decreased when an adolescent who owns a CPI loses it or becomes unwilling to use it. This provides strong evidence that elimination of cigarette promotional campaigns could reduce adolescent smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2000
Comparative StudyDifferences in tobacco assessment and intervention practices: a regional snapshot.
This research describes tobacco attitudes and practices of health care providers in the Upper Midwest. A baseline measure of preventive practices by providers was needed to plan effective tobacco intervention education programs. ⋯ In this region, provider groups differed in tobacco use assessment and treatment. All provider groups desired education regarding tobacco intervention. Region-wide tobacco cessation educational initiatives need to take into account differences between provider groups.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2000
Multicenter StudyLeisure-time, occupational, and household physical activity among professional, skilled, and less-skilled workers and homemakers.
Adults in lower status occupations are at higher risk of premature cardiovascular disease, for which physical inactivity is a major risk factor. While lower rates of leisure-time physical activity have been found to be associated consistently with lower income and education levels, the association between occupational and home-based physical activity with membership of different occupational categories is not well understood. ⋯ The assessment of occupational and household physical activity in addition to leisure-time activity may be important for understanding associations between occupational categories, physical activity, and increased levels of health risk and for the development of physical activity promotion strategies.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2000
Physical exercise and psychological well-being: a population study in Finland.
Regular physical exercise has been characterized as a positive health behavior having physiological benefits. It may also yield psychological benefits. The purpose of the present study was therefore to explore the association between physical exercise frequency and a number of measures of psychological well-being in a large population-based sample. ⋯ The results indicate a consistent association between enhanced psychological well-being, as measured using a variety of psychological inventories, and regular physical exercise.