Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 1984
Comparative StudyHemodynamic effects of oral smokeless tobacco in dogs and young adults.
Oral smokeless tobacco (snuff) is increasingly used among the young male population. To determine cardiovascular effects of an oral smokeless tobacco product, 10 anesthetized dogs were instrumented to measure blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and circumflex coronary, renal, and femoral flows. After a 5-min baseline, a 2.5-g, approximately 1.2% nicotine bolus dose was placed in the buccal space, and measurements were made for 20 min. ⋯ Additionally, 20 human males, mean age 20 years, without nicotine exposure for 72 hr, were given a 2.5-g dose of the same oral smokeless product. From baseline to 20 min, heart rate increased from 69 to 88 beats/min (P less than 0.05), blood pressure from 118/72 to 126/78 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). Thus, oral smokeless tobacco use can produce significant hemodynamic changes in both dogs and normal humans.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 1983
Comparative StudyA comparison of the yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide of 36 brands of Canadian cigarettes tested under three conditions.
A number of countries, including Canada, sponsor routine monitoring of cigarette tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields which are evaluated by cigarette-smoking machines according to a standard protocol. These standardized yields continue to decline as tobacco companies modify their brands to meet consumers' demand for "light" products. ⋯ Thirty-six brands of Canadian cigarettes, including 28 with ventilated filters, were tested under standard conditions and 2 others in order to determine how yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide change when cigarettes are manipulated by smokers in order to increase their smoke intake. While the rank order yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide was preserved, the average yields of all three substances more than doubled when cigarettes were intensively smoked in comparison with standard smoking.