Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Differences in health care provider screening for tobacco use among youth in the United States: The National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2021.
Health care providers (HCP) are encouraged to screen youth for tobacco product use as a key step in preventing such use and associated health outcomes. However, recent data examining differences in HCP tobacco screening by sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco use is scant. ⋯ The majority of U.S. youth continue to not be screened for tobacco use by their HCP. Evidence of disparities in tobacco use screening suggest the need for policies and training that promote equity in screening.
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
A population-based survey of self-reported delays in breast, cervical, colorectal and lung cancer screening.
The early COVID-19 pandemic was associated with cessation of screening services, but the prevalence of ongoing delays in cancer screening into the third year of the pandemic are not well-characterized. In February/March 2022, a population-based survey assessed cancer needs in New Hampshire and Vermont. The associations between cancer screening delays (breast, cervical, colorectal or lung cancer) and social determinants of health, health care access, and cancer attitudes and beliefs were tested. ⋯ Cost was the most common reason for delayed lung cancer screening (36%). COVID-19 was indicated as a delay reason in 15-29% of respondents; 12-20% reported health system capacity during the pandemic as a reason for delay, depending on screening type. Interventions that address sub-populations and reasons for screening delays are needed to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer burden and mortality.
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Latent class analysis of healthcare workers' perceptions of workers' job demands in mobile cabin hospitals in China.
Owing to the outbreak of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Shanghai, China, partitioned dynamic closure and control management plans were implemented on March 28, 2022. This created huge emergency pressure on Shanghai's medical and healthcare systems. However, the perceptions of job demands of healthcare workers (HCWs) and classification of frontline HCWs in mobile cabin hospitals are unknown. ⋯ Characteristics of the "high-demand group" subtype suggest that attention should be paid to the physical condition of frontline HCWs and the job demands of female HCWs. Managers should strengthen the training of HCWs in terms of their communication skills as well as their knowledge and technical skills to aid epidemic prevention and control.
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Descriptive analysis of occupational accidents in Spain and their relationship with heatwaves.
The purpose of this work is to carry out a descriptive analysis of occupational accidents and to evaluate the relationship between heatwaves and work accidents in Spain's three most populated provinces: Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia. ⋯ Since work accidents increase during heatwaves, risk prevention services and public administrations must take special measures to prevent them.
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health by gender identity in the United States, 2019-2021.
To estimate the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their association with mental health outcomes in adulthood by gender identity. ⋯ Using population-level data, we identified higher prevalence of ACEs among gender minority adults than cisgender adults, and greater associations of ACEs and adverse mental health in adulthood. The prevalence of current and lifetime adverse mental health outcomes increased with higher levels of ACE exposure among cisgender and gender minority respondents. Action by stakeholders at the community, health system, and legislative levels are needed to improve gender minority population health.