Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
What was the impact of tobacco taxes on smoking prevalence and coronary heart disease mortality in the United States -2005-2016, and did it vary by race and gender?
Tobacco taxes have reduced smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, yet few studies have examined heterogeneity of these associations by race and gender. We constructed a yearly panel (2005-2016) that included age-adjusted cigarette smoking prevalence and CHD mortality rates across all 50 U. S. ⋯ Associations between tobacco taxes and smoking prevalence were statistically significantly different by race and gender and were strongest among Black non-Hispanic women (-1.2 [95% CIs: -1.6, -0.8] percentage points). Associations between tobacco taxes and CHD mortality were not statistically significantly different by race and gender, but point estimates for percent changes were highest among Black non-Hispanic men (-2.9%) and Black non-Hispanic women (-3.5%) compared to White non-Hispanic men (-1.8%) and White non-Hispanic women (-1.5%). These findings suggest that tobacco taxation is an effective intervention for reducing smoking prevalence and CHD mortality among White and Black non-Hispanic populations in the United States.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Health behaviours associated with healthy body composition among aboriginal adolescents in Australia in the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study'.
This study described the distribution of healthy body composition among Aboriginal adolescents in Australia aged 10-24 years and examined associations with health behaviours and self-rated health. Data were cross-sectional from the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study' baseline (N = 1294). We used robust Poisson regression to quantify associations of self-reported health behaviours (physical activity, screen time, sleep, consumption of vegetables, fruit, soft drinks and fast food, and tobacco smoking and alcohol) and self-rated health to healthy body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio (WHtR). ⋯ There was a trend for higher proportion of healthy body composition with more frequent fast food consumption. Healthy body composition was also associated with higher self-rated health ('very good/excellent' vs 'poor/fair'; aPR healthy BMI 1.87 [1.45-2.42], and healthy WHtR 1.71 [1.40-2.10]). Culturally appropriate community health interventions with a focus on physical activity and sleep may hold promise for improving body composition among Aboriginal adolescents.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
The prevalence and clustering of alcohol consumption, gambling, smoking, and excess weight in an English adult population.
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and clustering of four health risks (increasing-/higher-risk drinking, current smoking, overweight/obesity, and at-risk gambling), and to examine variation across sociodemographic groups in the English adult population. ⋯ An understanding of the prevalence, clustering, and risk factors for multiple health risks can help inform effective prevention and treatment approaches and may support the design and use of multiple behaviour change interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Social isolation is associated with higher leisure-time sedentary behavior and lower physical activity practice: A multi-country analysis of data from 79 countries from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey.
To investigate the association of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior among adolescents. ⋯ Reducing social isolation could be an important component of future interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and physical inactivity among adolescents.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Short-term exposure to ozone and mortality from AIDS-related diseases: A case-crossover study in the middle Yangtze River region, China.
Previous investigations have predominantly concentrated on the influence of ozone (O3) on general population mortality. However, a noticeable gap exists regarding the attention directed towards susceptible demographics, specifically individuals afflicted by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). ⋯ Our study presents novel evidence spotlighting the deleterious repercussions of O3 on mortality in the HIV/AIDS population.