Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
The role of language in mammography orders among low-income Latinas over a 10-year period.
Latinas in the United States have higher mortality from breast cancer, but longitudinal studies of mammography ordering (a crucial initial step towards screening) in primary care are lacking. ⋯ These findings suggest that breast cancer detection barriers in low-income Latinas may not stem from a lack of orders in primary care, but in the subsequent accessibility of receiving ordered services.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Predicting family physician physical activity electronic medical record inputs.
To compare characteristics of patients with and without physical activity noted in primary care electronic medical records. ⋯ This work adds to existing literature by describing the frequency and the patient and family physician characteristics of physical activity documentation in the Canadian primary care context. Overall, patient physical activity was rarely documented in electronic medical records.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
State expansion of supplemental nutrition assistance program eligibility and rates of interpersonal violence.
Food insecurity is associated with an increased likelihood of interpersonal violence. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest program addressing food insecurity in the U.S. States can eliminate the asset test and/or increase the income limit for SNAP eligibility, expanding the number of households receiving assistance. We examined the association of state elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit with rates of interpersonal violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV), other relationship violence (violence by a parent, friend, etc.), and stranger violence. ⋯ Expanding SNAP eligibility may help prevent interpersonal violence at the population-level.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Health outcomes in Bulgaria: Simulated effects of obesogenic environmental changes in adulthood versus childhood.
Bulgarian government efforts to tackle obesity are focused mainly on guidelines affecting children. However, it is unclear whether targeting children for obesity-related health policies yields better long-term health outcomes as opposed to changing the risk of obesity in adulthood. This study aims to evaluate where policy efforts should be directed to alleviate the health burden associated with obesity. ⋯ The two types of policies' (a-b) effects are not equivalent in strength and the best way forward is dependent on future obesity incidence trends.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Socio-economic distribution of modifiable risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases: An analysis of the national longitudinal ageing study in India.
The association of socioeconomic status (SES) with modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is unclear in developing nations. We studied SES variations in major risk factors and their percentage distribution for adults aged 45 years or above in India. Using individual records of 59,672 individuals aged 45 years or above from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Wave 1 (cross-sectional study design), 2017-18, we chart age-and-sex-adjusted prevalence of clinical risk factors such as measured high blood pressure, hypertension, overweight, obesity, central adiposity and self-reported high blood glucose; and lifestyle risk factors such as excessive use of alcohol, current use of smoking and smokeless tobacco and physical inactivity across SES variables of education, quintiles of mean per capita expenditure and social caste. ⋯ However, no significant income gradient was noted for lifestyle risk factors except the use of smokeless tobacco. The income gradient was largest for central adiposity (waist-circumference) with a difference of 23.4 percentage points as it increased from 38.7% among the poorest to 62.1% among the richest. The major burden of CVDs risk factors among older adults aged 45+ years falls among high SES.