Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association
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Observational Study
Validation of noninvasive hemoglobin measurement by pulse co-oximeter in newborn infants.
To describe the accuracy of noninvasive hemoglobin (Hb) obtained with pulse co-oximeter (SpHb) compared with total Hb (tHb) from laboratory co-oximeter in neonates. ⋯ Our results suggest that noninvasive SpHb may be considered as an adjunct to invasive tHb measurements in newborn infants <3000 g especially in preterm infants ⩽32 weeks of gestation.
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Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a postnatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, increased threefold from 2000 to 2009. Since 2009, opioid pain reliever prescriptions and complications increased markedly throughout the United States. Understanding recent changes in NAS and its geographic variability would inform state and local governments in targeting public health responses. ⋯ NAS incidence and hospital charges grew substantially during our study period. This costly public health problem merits a public health approach to alleviate harm to women and children. States, particularly, in areas of the country most affected by the syndrome must continue to pursue primary prevention strategies to limit the effects of opioid pain reliever misuse.
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Neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) uses electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) to provide patient-directed ventilatory support. The NAVA level determines the proportional amount of ventilatory support. Systematically increasing NAVA level initially increases peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) while maintaining a constant Edi until a breakpoint (BrP) is reached. Further increases in NAVA level reduce the Edi, while the PIP plateaus. This study was performed to establish whether premature neonates have intact neural feedback systems allowing them to have a BrP. ⋯ Neonates demonstrated a BrP suggesting intact neural feedback mechanisms that may protect lungs from over distention with NAVA ventilation.
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Observational Study
Effects of sodium bicarbonate correction of metabolic acidosis on regional tissue oxygenation in very low birth weight neonates.
To determine the effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) correction of metabolic acidosis on cardiopulmonary, laboratory, and cerebral, renal and splanchnic regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) in extremely premature neonates during the first postnatal week. ⋯ NaHCO3 infusions decreased base deficits and increased pH though produced no discernible effects or benefits on cardiopulmonary parameters including rSO2 and FTOE. These findings warrant further prospective evaluation in larger populations with more significant metabolic acidosis to determine the utility of tissue oxygenation monitoring in differentiating metabolic acidosis due to oxygen delivery/consumption imbalance versus renal bicarbonate losses.