Current opinion in gastroenterology
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Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. · Jan 2017
ReviewProgress with treating the microbial dysbiosis associated with irritable bowel syndrome.
Microbial dysbiosis is receiving increasing attention as possibly being important in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. This review will summarize the most recent literature addressing attempts to explore and target the microbiome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. ⋯ The manipulation of the microbial dysbiosis is gaining momentum. Further research, however, is required in order to identify the most appropriate treatment option for each individual patient.
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Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. · Jan 2017
ReviewFecal microbiota transplantation for gastrointestinal disorders.
The importance of the gut microbiome in human health is being increasingly recognized. The purpose of this review is to examine the existing literature pertaining to alterations in the gut microbiome and the utility of microbiome restoration therapies in gastrointestinal disorders. ⋯ Alterations in the gut microbiome are associated with several disorders, and microbiome restoration based therapies such as fecal microbiota transplantation may be an adjunct to conventional treatments but more investigation is needed.
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Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. · Nov 2016
ReviewUpdate on innate immunity and perspectives on metabolite regulation in acute pancreatitis.
Acute pancreatitis is a major cause of gastrointestinal morbidity for which specific therapy is greatly needed to prevent progression to and induce resolution of severe disease. ⋯ Targeting innate immune cell populations and metabolite signaling pathways in acute pancreatitis may result in broader and ultimately more efficacious re-direction of the inflammatory programme toward disease resolution and improved clinical outcomes.
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Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. · Jul 2016
ReviewDetermination of risk for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus, have increased greatly over the past 40 years and continue to rise. This report summarizes the most recent data on the risk factors for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. ⋯ Recent advances in identifying risk factors and reporting of more precise estimates of effect for the main risk factors will positively impact clinical risk stratification efforts for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Large pooling studies are underway to derive and validate reliable clinical risk models.
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Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. · Mar 2016
ReviewFrom coeliac disease to noncoeliac gluten sensitivity; should everyone be gluten free?
Gluten-free diets (GFDs) have seen a disproportional rise in use and popularity relative to the prevalence of established gluten-related disorders such as coeliac disease or immunoglobulin E wheat allergy. This entity has been termed noncoeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). This review aims to provide a current perspective on the emerging evidence for and against NCGS, along with the associated need for a GFD. ⋯ Despite the rising use of a GFD further studies are required to clearly establish the extent and exclusivity of gluten in NCGS.