The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice
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The dysnatremias are defined as abnormalities in serum sodium concentration. Depending on the magnitude and duration of the sodium abnormality and the nature of any concurrent or primary disease, hypernatremia and hypernatremia may result in no consequences, subclinical impairment of health and productivity, or severe clinical disease. Dysnatremias can be the sequelae to diseases or environmental conditions that promote fluid gain or loss from the body, as well as medical interventions that add excessive amounts of sodium or water to the extracellular fluid. Extreme, sustained dysnatremia may result in central nervous system dysfunction and death.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. · Jul 2014
ReviewAcid-base assessment: when and how to apply the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and strong ion difference theory.
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is probably the most famous equation in biology but is more descriptive than mechanistic. The traditional approach to acid-base assessment using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation provides a clinically useful and accurate method when plasma protein concentrations are within the reference range. The simplified strong ion approach is a mechanistic acid-base model that can provide new insight into complicated acid-base disturbances. The simplified strong ion approach should be used to evaluate acid-base balance whenever plasma protein concentrations are abnormal.