The Pediatric infectious disease journal
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · May 2012
Differential diagnosis of Chikungunya, dengue viral infection and other acute febrile illnesses in children.
Clinical manifestations of chikungunya (CHIK) are similar to those of dengue. It would be useful to be able to identify clinical manifestations that could reliably help to differentiate CHIK from dengue and other acute febrile illnesses during a CHIK outbreak in a dengue-endemic area. ⋯ During a CHIK outbreak in a DVI-endemic area, overdiagnosis of CHIK was common. Skin rash during fever and white blood cell count ≥ 5000 cells/mm(3) or specific antigen testing (if available) can be helpful in differentiating CHIK from DVI.
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · May 2012
Is 15 days an appropriate cut-off age for considering serious bacterial infection in the management of febrile infants?
Febrile infants <3 months of age have a greater risk for serious bacterial infection (SBI). The risk is inversely correlated with age. Most protocols recommend admitting to hospital all febrile infants <28 days of age. However, as the prevalence of SBI is not homogenous in this age group, some authors have considered decreasing this cut-off age, allowing ambulatory management of selected patients meeting low-risk criteria. ⋯ Febrile infants 15 to 21 days of age had a rate of SBI similar to younger infants and higher than older age infants. It is not appropriate to establish the approach to management of infants with fever based on a cut-off age of 2 weeks.
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · May 2012
Safety and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir for prophylaxis of neonates exposed to influenza H1N1.
Oseltamivir was administered at 1.0 mg/kg b.i.d. to 13 neonates exposed to influenza H1N1. No influenza, neurologic, or laboratory adverse effects occurred. The mean Cmax values for oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate were found to be lower than those reported for children 1 to 5 years old, whereas Tmax values were similar to children 1 to 5 years old. Age and gender were found to significantly affect oseltamivir clearance.
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Apr 2012
Influence of antibiotic susceptibility patterns on empiric antibiotic prescribing for children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of pneumococcal penicillin-nonsusceptibility patterns on individual antibiotic prescription among 33 children's hospitals using a multilevel, random- intercept, logistic regression analysis. ⋯ There was substantial variability in empiric antibiotic prescribing for CAP among children's hospitals in the United States. High-levels (ie, resistant) but not modest-levels (ie, intermediate susceptibility) of penicillin resistance were associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing.
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Mar 2012
Reduction in mycobacterial disease among HIV-infected children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era (1997-2008).
HIV-infected children are at increased risk of developing mycobacterial disease. The aim of this study was to estimate the change in mycobacterial disease rate in HIV-infected children and adolescents in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. ⋯ The rate of mycobacterial disease decreased among HIV-infected children in the HAART era, but the incidence of mycobacterial disease still remains higher than in the general population.