British journal of neurosurgery
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A cell line, 497-P(1), derived from the VM spontaneous murine astrocytoma has been used to develop an in vitro in vivo model of human glioma. This paper describes the growth characteristics of tumours produced after intracerebral or subcutaneous inoculation of 497-P(1) cells into syngeneic VM mice. The results show that cell line 497-P(1) provides the basis for a reproducible animal model of glioma which fulfils many of the criteria required for experimental therapy studies.
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The cranial compartment contributed 37% and the spinal compartment 63% to the total compliance of the craniospinal space in the horizontal body position. In the erect position the values were almost reversed, the cranial compartment contributing 66% and the spinal compartment 34%. The total compliance was almost unaffected by body position. ⋯ The volume of CSF moving between the cranial and spinal compartments when sitting up and lying down, was about 3 ml. The pulsatile and postural flow rate of CSF may reach about 200 ml/min. High CSF flow velocity may impair the protective coating of CSF around the brain and thus contribute to herniation.
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Review Case Reports
The autonomic dysfunction syndrome: aetiology and treatment.
Nine patients with autonomic dysfunction syndrome (ADS) characterised by sympathetic discharge and extensor posturing are presented. Morphine was given to three patients and in all cases consistently stopped the episodes. Dantrolene was given to one patient and reduced the severity of the extensor posturing without affecting the other components of the ADS. ⋯ The autonomic dysfunction syndrome appears to be related to both severe closed head injury and acute hydrocephalus. The clinical similarity of the two diverse etiologic groups and the absence of precipitating increased ICP in the former suggests the common theme is a release of the brain stem from higher control. The responses to morphine and bromocriptine suggest that the opiate and dopaminergic pathways play roles in the entity.
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Case Reports Comparative Study
Comparative study of brain abscess by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: report of two cases.
Two cases of cerebral abscess with different presentations are reported. The source of the abscess remained obscure in one case while in the other arose from infection of the right frontal sinus. While in one case a magnetic resonance image was obtained preoperatively, both cases underwent parallel monitoring in the postsurgery period by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The relative merits of these two imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of such lesions are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.