Nutrition
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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease with a long history of infecting humans and other animals. It is a known emerging or resurging disease. The host nutritional state has an indispensable role in defense against pathogens. ⋯ The host and sandfly vector nutritional states could also influence the evolution of the parasite. It is essential to elucidate the roles that diets and nutrition play in the leishmanial life cycle. The aim of this article is to review the influences of nutrition and diets on the host susceptibility and severity of infection, preemptive and therapeutic strategy feedback, parasite evolution, and vector competence.
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Stunting remains a major nutritional problem worldwide, especially in middle- and low-income countries including Indonesia. A number of nutritional feeding programs to cure stunting are basically addressing the problem of malnutrition. These programs are particularly designed to promote recovery of normal metabolic function and weight gain. ⋯ Research has documented that sufficient intakes of dietary ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for optimal health throughout the life span, especially brain development and cognition. The aim of this study was to review the evidence for the role of food sources of these fatty acids on children's health and growth. To our knowledge, very little work has been conducted on remedial formulas enriched with ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for malnutrition and optimal health, highlighting a need for intervention studies investigating the health benefits of the formula for malnutrition and optimal health, which may prevent stunting and also may promote optimal health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Change of some oxidative stress parameters after supplementation with whey protein isolate in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of undenatured whey protein isolate (WPI; ≥92.5%) with a high content of native cysteine (2.7%) and a standardized content of lactoferrin (≥0.7%) on parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ Supplementation with WPI may be useful in patients with diabetes to control fasting glycemia. Moreover, it can help to improve inflammatory and oxidative stress, which play a crucial role in the development of diabetes complications and also in the progression of other chronic diseases.
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Observational Study
Validation and improvement of the predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
The usual predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) seem to be associated with significant inaccuracy in patients with advanced cancer. Recently, our group developed a predictive equation for patients with advanced head and neck cancer, showing a better accuracy when compared with indirect calorimetry. The aim of this study was to validate this predictive equation and, if necessary, to elaborate a new predictive equation for patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. ⋯ A new equation considering phase angle and body composition can improve the accuracy of the predictive equation.
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Consumption of antioxidant-rich foods has been associated with a reduced risk for stroke. However, antioxidant supplementation is not recommended owing to controversial findings reported in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of dietary antioxidants by investigating the effect of dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC), reflecting the antioxidant potential of the whole diet, on the risk for stroke. ⋯ Higher dietary NEAC was not associated with any type of stroke in young and middle-aged Swedish women.