Nutrition
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Hepatic encephalopathy is a cerebral alteration mainly caused by hepatic insufficiency or portosystemic shunt. It ranges from minimal neurologic manifestations to coma in its overt stage. ⋯ Recent work has developed knowledge of probiotics in different clinical settings including the relationship of the gut microenvironment to liver cirrhosis. The aim of this review was to analyze the results of clinical trials on the effect of different probiotics on hepatic encephalopathy.
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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease with a long history of infecting humans and other animals. It is a known emerging or resurging disease. The host nutritional state has an indispensable role in defense against pathogens. ⋯ The host and sandfly vector nutritional states could also influence the evolution of the parasite. It is essential to elucidate the roles that diets and nutrition play in the leishmanial life cycle. The aim of this article is to review the influences of nutrition and diets on the host susceptibility and severity of infection, preemptive and therapeutic strategy feedback, parasite evolution, and vector competence.
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Stunting remains a major nutritional problem worldwide, especially in middle- and low-income countries including Indonesia. A number of nutritional feeding programs to cure stunting are basically addressing the problem of malnutrition. These programs are particularly designed to promote recovery of normal metabolic function and weight gain. ⋯ Research has documented that sufficient intakes of dietary ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for optimal health throughout the life span, especially brain development and cognition. The aim of this study was to review the evidence for the role of food sources of these fatty acids on children's health and growth. To our knowledge, very little work has been conducted on remedial formulas enriched with ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for malnutrition and optimal health, highlighting a need for intervention studies investigating the health benefits of the formula for malnutrition and optimal health, which may prevent stunting and also may promote optimal health.