Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to examine whether paternal and maternal body mass indexes (BMIs) were independently associated with obestatin and visfatin levels in adult offspring. ⋯ Inverse associations of maternal and paternal BMIs with offspring obestatin concentrations in women could suggest a utility of this biomarker of energy regulation determined in early adulthood. Whether obestatin could be an indicator of protection against obesity-related disorders in the life course requires investigation in studies designed to test such hypothesis.
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This study aimed to examine the relationship between eating frequency (EF), meal frequency, and snacking frequency (SF), and the body weight status of postmenopausal women. We tested how meal frequency and SF were related with macronutrient intake, and how different definitions of snacking affected the study results. ⋯ Higher EF and self-reported SF, independently of the EI:estimated energy requirement, is associated with lower BMI values and EI in postmenopausal women. Snacking may improve the dietary fiber density of the diet. An objective definition of snacking needs to be used in nutritional studies.
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Advances in metabolomic tools have allowed us to gain a more comprehensive understanding of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma metabolomic profiles and MetS. ⋯ Plasma metabolomic profiles were associated with MetS, especially the amino acid serine and some acyl-alkyl PCs.
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Skeletal muscle mass with function decline indicated as sarcopenia, which may cause disability in elderly adults. Studies regarding fat composition in sarcopenia have gained attraction recently; however, different fat indexes have yielded different findings. It is necessary to explore the association between muscle mass, muscle function, and fat indexes among elderly adults. ⋯ Individuals in the presarcopenia group had lower fat indexes than those in the sarcopenia group. Gait speed in men and hand grip strength in women-but not muscle mass for either- were negatively associated with body-fat percentage and fat-to-muscle ratio.
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This study aimed to investigate the potential of using changes in the plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, as a biomarker in early Parkinson's disease (PD). ⋯ The results demonstrate that lower baseline plasma TMAO levels are associated with faster increases in LED and tend to increase the risk for PD-dementia conversion, suggesting the prognostic implications of TMAO in early stage PD.