Nutrition
-
Dietary fiber is a group of heterogeneous substances that are neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine. Some fibers can be classified as prebiotics if they are metabolized by beneficial bacteria present in the hindgut microbiota. ⋯ Other fibers are considered candidates to prebiotics or have prebiotic potential, and apparently some have no prebiotic effect on humans. This dietary fiber classification by the prebiotic categories contributes to a better understanding of these concepts in the literature, to the stimulation of the processing and consumption of foods rich in fiber and other products with prebiotic properties, and to the development of protocols and guidelines on food sources of prebiotics.
-
Letter Randomized Controlled Trial
Child stunting concurrent with wasting or being overweight: A 6-y follow up of a randomized maternal education trial in Uganda.
There is paucity of longitudinal data on combined anthropometric deficiencies in children. Herein, we present data on child stunting concurrent with wasting or being overweight among children in a 6-y follow-up study of a maternal education trial in rural Uganda. ⋯ The prevalence of stunting concurrent with wasting or being overweight remained low during the observation period. The intervention may have reduced concurrent stunting and being overweight over time.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
A multiple-strain probiotic product provides a better enzymatic antioxidant response in individuals with constipation in a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Probiotics may have beneficial effects on intestinal dysbiosis. However, the effects of probiotics on redox and inflammatory responses in intestinal constipation remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a multiple-strain probiotic on the redox and inflammatory responses in individuals with intestinal constipation. ⋯ Our data suggested that a multiple-strain probiotic may provide a better enzymatic antioxidant response and partially alleviate the feeling of incomplete defecation in ≥25% of bowel movements in individuals with intestinal constipation.
-
Sarcopenia is a muscle disease which previously was associated only with aging, but in recent days it has been gaining more attention for its predictive value in a vast range of conditions and its potential link with overall health. Up to this point, evaluating sarcopenia with imaging methods has been time-consuming and dependent on the skills of the physician. ⋯ We searched the PubMed database to find articles concerning the use of artificial intelligence in diagnostic imaging and especially in body-composition analysis in the context of sarcopenia. We found that artificial-intelligence systems could potentially help with evaluating sarcopenia and better predicting outcomes in a vast range of clinical situations, which could get us closer to the true era of precision medicine.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Mixture of probiotics reduces inflammatory biomarkers and improves the oxidative/nitrosative profile in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is different from that of healthy individuals and could influence inflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a mixture of probiotics on cytokine plasma levels, inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative/nitrosative stress profile, and Disease Activity Score-28 in people with RA. ⋯ The mixture of probiotics reduced inflammatory biomarkers and improved the oxidative/nitrosative profile in people with RA.