Nutrition
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This study aimed to analyze the relationship between food insecurity and school meal consumption, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. ⋯ The Brazilian School Food Program has contributed greatly to food security. Although the guarantee of universality is essential for the program to reach all school children who are experiencing food insecurity, the program should also aim for greater equity.
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Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease in older adults and has a complicated etiology. Recently, the roles of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites generated by fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota, in the pathogenesis of AD have attracted considerable interest. ⋯ According to the currently available evidence, SCFAs, particularly butyrate, cause important biological effects that interfere with the development of AD. However, the effect of other SCFAs, such as propionate, on AD might be either beneficial or harmful to different pathways, indicating that the role of SCFAs in the pathogenesis of AD is rather complicated and warrants further investigations.
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This study examined the relationship between maternal exposure to stress during pregnancy and children's food preferences and diet in a population of low socioeconomic status. ⋯ Maternal exposure to stress during pregnancy could have long-term detrimental effects on dietary outcomes and thereby on health conditions related to diet. Prenatal care and preconception counseling could be critical to develop preventive strategies to improve public health.
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Prospective cohort studies linking dietary patterns and hyperuricemia (HUA) are limited, especially in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between various dietary patterns and risk for HUA in a general adult population. ⋯ Dietary patterns rich in animal or sweet foods were positively associated with a higher risk for HUA, whereas the vegetable pattern was negatively associated.
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Several dietary patterns are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Traditional, Western, Mediterranean, and vegetarian are common dietary patterns, derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of dietary food intakes associated with cardiovascular diseases; however, these patterns were derived mostly from the diet habits of people in Western and European countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine dietary patterns linked with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Nepalese population. ⋯ PCA-derived non-traditional dietary patterns can be a risk for developing CAD in Nepalese people. However, further cohort studies or randomized community trials are suggested to confirm our findings.