Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
One week of high-fat overfeeding alters bone metabolism in healthy males: A pilot study.
Short periods of excessive consumption of indulgent high-fat foods are common in Western society, but the effect this has on bone is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet affects candidate biomarkers of bone metabolism. ⋯ A 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet reduces a marker of bone formation but does not affect a marker of bone resorption. This pilot study suggested that short periods of excessive energy and fat consumption may detrimentally affect bone health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of perioperative probiotic supplements on postoperative short-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
Surgery can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. However, some patients are at a later stage at diagnosis and need to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Previous studies have shown that NACT may lead to more postoperative complications. Probiotics have the potential to reduce postoperative complications and infections, but no similar clinical trials have been conducted in patients with gastric cancer receiving NACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics on postoperative infections and other short-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer receiving NACT. ⋯ Perioperative probiotic supplements can reduce postoperative infection, improve short-term clinical outcomes, and reduce the level of common inflammatory indicators in patients with gastric cancer receiving NACT. Patients in the PG started adjuvant chemotherapy earlier than CG patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Prickly pear juice consumption after fat intake affects postprandial heart rate variability but not traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease in healthy men.
Prickly Pear (PP) fruit is proposed to have anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hyperglycemic effects. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a single consumption of PP juice on modifiable blood and physiological markers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy men using a postprandial hyperlipidemia model. ⋯ Consumption of PP (with high-fat muffin), did not alter traditional cardiovascular disease risk responses but rather markers of HRV, beyond an expected increase in glucose attributed to the carbohydrate content of the trials foods. Additionally, macronutrient content is important when understanding HRV responses to meals.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Observational Study
Diet and mental health in pregnancy: Nutrients of importance based on large observational cohort data.
To determine associations between dietary intake and well-being in pregnancy. ⋯ Maternal nutrition and well-being are related during early pregnancy. Our findings suggest that fiber, magnesium, and particular B vitamins may be of importance for promoting positive mental well-being during pregnancy.