Nutrition
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Growing evidence suggests that changes in muscle mass and function may further contribute to health risk assessment in individuals who are obese. As numbers for both obese and aged population subgroups are increasing worldwide, sarcopenic obesity is emerging as a relevant factor associated with higher risk for adverse events and outcomes in several clinical settings, including cancer. ⋯ Importantly, sarcopenic obesity may also have an effect on chemotherapy, as it may induce a higher risk for dose-limiting-toxicity. The aim of this review was to present an updated overview on the definition, effects, mechanisms, and clinical relevance of sarcopenia in this setting.
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Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a clinical condition that requires appropriate nutritional counseling during breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary feeding. Using evidence-based dietetic advice is critical for correct growth and development during childhood. The aim of this study was to review the most recent literature on nutritional counseling aimed at infants between 0 and 2 y of age diagnosed with CMPA. ⋯ This scoping review collected, in a structured and comprehensive way, the most recent available information regarding nutritional counseling in CMPA for a successful dietetic intervention of the casuistry that may arise during early infancy.
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Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at risk for eating difficulties. Adequate nutritional support is important to promote enhanced recovery and to reduce postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate two nutritional protocols and their effect on total protein intake during the first 7 d after LT. ⋯ A nutritional protocol with a higher rate of EN and high-protein ONS resulted in a higher protein intake early after LT. However, there was no difference in severe postoperative outcomes between the two nutritional protocols.
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Several recent studies have suggested that malnutrition during developmental periods affects organ function, including that of the small intestine, after birth. However, it is unclear whether carbohydrate or protein restriction during pregnancy affects the expression of mucins and cytokines within the small intestine of offspring. ⋯ Fetal protein restriction in mice disrupts jejunal immune- and barrier function-related expression after weaning.
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Catheter/cannula-bloodstream infection (CBI) has been proposed as a marker of the quality of care provided to patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). However, surveillance criteria for CBI are variable, inconsistent, and sometimes confusing and impractical. Surveillance criteria were developed to simply and accurately demonstrate the presence or absence of CBI. The aim of this study was to establish a simple and valid surveillance tool, with consideration of changes in vital signs, to identify CBI in patients receiving PN. ⋯ A CBI tool shows promise as a surveillance instrument for benchmarking and interinstitutional comparisons of the care received by hospitalized patients given PN.