Nutrition
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The association between caffeine consumption and mortality in different weight statuses is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of caffeine consumption on mortality in different weight statuses. ⋯ The present study suggests that moderate caffeine intake is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in a large study of U.S. adults, especially among those who are overweight. Overweight individuals were more likely to benefit from moderate caffeine intake.
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We investigated the relationship between the daily dietary inflammatory index (DII) score 1 y before pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. ⋯ An antiinflammatory diet 1 y before pregnancy may decrease the risk of impaired neonatal neurodevelopment, and a proinflammatory diet may increase this risk.
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Observational Study
Muscle changes on muscle ultrasound and adverse outcomes in acute hospitalized older adults.
Muscle ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that enables identification of the quantity and quality of muscle tissue. It has been used not only for diagnosis of sarcopenia but also for prediction of outcomes in clinical practice. There is now increasing awareness that muscle changes detected during acute hospitalization indicate acute sarcopenia leading to worse outcomes. However, to our knowledge, few studies have investigated this in hospitalized older adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle changes on muscle ultrasound can predict poor outcomes in acute hospitalized older adults. ⋯ Acute muscle changes on muscle ultrasound were not associated with mortality, ADL decline, or hospital-associated complications in acute hospitalized older adults. More research in various settings is needed to clarify the value of muscle ultrasound in clinical practice.
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The aim of this study was to provide reference for improving the quality of future guidelines by evaluating present guidelines for nutrition in critically ill adults using Report Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) and Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II). ⋯ Report and methodological quality of guidelines for nutrition in critically ill adults were relatively high. The evaluation results of RIGHT and AGREE II are consistent, with higher scores in the field of background and lower scores in the part on quality control and applicability. To facilitate application of guidelines, RIGHT and AGREE II should be used as criteria by guideline developers.