Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves cholesterol efflux capacity and antiinflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein in Chinese adults with dyslipidemia.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) had shown promising effects in improving the lipid and glycemic profile in dyslipidemic individuals in our previous work, but little is known about how it affects high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function in patients with dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on HDL function in people with dyslipidemia. ⋯ This study suggested that supplementation of CoQ10 for 24 wk can significantly improve HDL-mediated CEC and antiinflammatory function of HDL in patients with dyslipidemia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intermittent fasting activates markers of autophagy in mouse liver, but not muscle from mouse or humans.
Intermittent fasting (IF) activates autophagy in cardiac muscle and pancreatic islets. We examined the effect of IF on markers of autophagy in liver and skeletal muscle in mice and in humans. ⋯ Markers of autophagy in liver, but not in muscle, were elevated in response to IF in mice. In humans, autophagy markers in muscle were reduced, likely in response to weight loss.
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Resting energy expenditure (REE) declines with age in healthy individuals, independent of the age-related decrease in lean body mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this holds true in critically ill medical patients. Moreover, we assessed how measured REE compares with energy requirements calculated by prediction equations in different age groups. ⋯ REE and REEaBW decrease with age in critically ill medical patients. Age and body temperature are independent predictors of both REE and REEaBW. Prediction equations underestimate energy requirements in critically ill medical patients.
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Clinical nutrition outpatient clinics (CNOCs) are the mainstay of the nutrition bundle in hospitals. They are important for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of outpatients with malnutrition (MN) and sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in muscle mass during the treatment of MN in patients admitted to CNOCs. ⋯ MN treatment and follow-up can restore muscle mass especially in patients ≥65 y of age and in those with chronic diseases. CNOCs are beneficial in the treatment and follow-up of MN.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Immunomodulating versus high-protein oral preoperative supplement in surgical patients - A two-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial.
For many years, immunonutrition was believed to reduce postoperative complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. However, recent studies questioned that belief. Moreover, the perioperative intake of proteins has gained more and more attention and has shown clinical value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the clinical effect of immunomodulating (IM) plus high-protein (HP) and pure HP supplements during the preoperative period. ⋯ Both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, and type of surgery. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 8 d (range, 6-12 d) in the IM group and 7 d (range, 6-10 d) in the HP group (P = 0.153). Postoperative complications were observed in 29 patients (21.3%) in the IM group and 28 (17.8%) in the HP group (P = 0.442) The risk of readmission was comparable (5.1% vs 4.9%; P = 0.924) for IM and HP supplements, respectively. Postoperative nausea and vomiting occurred in 21 patients in the IM group (15.4%) and 17 patients in the HP group (10.4%; P = 0.195). No difference in gastrointestinal function evaluated with time to first flatus was observed (P = 0.272) CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated no difference between preoperative IM + HP and HP supplements in surgical patients. Therefore, the routine preoperative use of IM supplements in all surgical patients cannot be recommended.