Nutrition
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Review
Enteral and parenteral energy intake and neurodevelopment in preterm infants: A systematic review.
We performed a systematic review to study the effect of enteral and parenteral energy intakes on neurodevelopment (NDV) and cerebral growth in preterm infants, evaluated by NDV scales, magnetic resonance imaging, and head circumference (HC). ⋯ The impact of energy intake during early life on NDV remains undefined. A positive impact on brain development encourages the administration of recommended energy intake, mainly by EN, and suggests a more cautious approach to enhanced nutritional strategies by the parenteral route. Further studies are advocated to elucidate the optimal nutritional intervention for preterm infants to improve NDV.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intermittent fasting enhances hippocampal NPY expression to promote neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury.
Interventions for preventing cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are limited. Given that adult hippocampal neurogenesis after brain injury contributes to cognitive recovery, and hippocampal neurogenesis is potentially affected by nutritional factors, the aim of this study was to examine whether fasting could promote hippocampal neurogenesis and thus ameliorate the cognitive defects after TBI. ⋯ These findings suggest that IF promotes hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI by a mechanism that involves enhancement of NPY expression, to alleviate cognitive dysfunction caused by injury.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Added bovine milk fat globule membrane in formula: Growth, body composition, and safety through age 2: An RCT.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an experimental formula (EF) with added whey protein-lipid concentrate (5 g/L; source of bovine milk fat globule membrane [bMFGM]) on growth, body composition, and safety through 24 mo of age in term infants. ⋯ During the first 2 y of life, infant formula with added bMFGM supports typical growth and safety compared with a standard formula.
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We investigated a low-glycemic index (GI), minimally refined brown sugar (MRBS) that retains a consistent amount of antioxidant polyphenols. This study aimed to determine whether MRBS has a lower postprandial glycemic response and GI value compared with other types of refined sugar (RS). Low glycemic response foods are also reported to increase satiety. Accordingly, we also evaluated satiety profiles, glycemic profiles (glucose, insulin, and glucagon), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). ⋯ The results of our work show that MRBS had a lower GI (study 1), and better satiety, glycemic profiles, and TAC (study 2) compared with RS.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between β-glucuronidase and androgen levels in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The connection between β-glucuronidase, the abundance of selected gut bacteria, carbohydrate metabolism, and diet quality was also determined. ⋯ There was no relationship between β-glucuronidase activity and androgen levels in overweight and obese women with PCOS, but β-glucuronidase activity may be an important factor in carbohydrate metabolism. Modulation of the abundances of F. prausnitzii, A. muciniphila, and B. longum using special diets should thus be considered a promising intervention.