Nutrition
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The cytokine storm presented in the hyperimmune response is related to poor prognosis in people with COVID-19. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most prominent cytokines, especially on mucosal surfaces during infection, causing the cytokine storm. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the precursors of eicosanoids, which play critical roles in immune regulation and inflammation. The balance between ω-3 and ω-6 levels in the cell membrane has a critical role in regulating the equilibrium between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory processes and inducing IL-6 production. The present study focused on inflammatory and antiinflammatory mechanisms in COVID-19 over PUFAs and on relating their levels with disease prognosis and severity. ⋯ The ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosopentaenoic acid, and ω-3 PUFAs, can be systemic signs of poor prognosis, increased lung damage, and high mortality in COVID-19, together with IL-6.
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The condition of skeletal muscles is a key marker of the nutritional status and function of an organism. It is necessary to monitor muscle quality in basic pediatric preventive health care, especially due to the increase in negative health behaviors during a pandemic. The aims of this study were to assess body composition and muscle strength as well as to analyze the relationship between muscle functional quality and impedance parameters in 6- and 7-y-old children. ⋯ Reactance and phase angle are good indicators of the quality of appendicular skeletal muscle in healthy children and can be potentially used in pediatric preventive health care and screening.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Observational Study
Diet and mental health in pregnancy: Nutrients of importance based on large observational cohort data.
To determine associations between dietary intake and well-being in pregnancy. ⋯ Maternal nutrition and well-being are related during early pregnancy. Our findings suggest that fiber, magnesium, and particular B vitamins may be of importance for promoting positive mental well-being during pregnancy.
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Observational Study
Enteral nutrition interruptions in the intensive care unit: A prospective study.
The aim of this study was to provide insight into the causes, frequency, and periods of enteral nutrition interruption (ENI) that occur in the intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ The prevalence of unplanned ENIs in ICU patients is highest in the first 3 d of admission. The main cause of ENIs was diagnostic reasons. The ENIs resulted in an average of approximately 25% of patients failing to meet calculated caloric and protein requirements during the first 4 d of admission.
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Weight loss after a stroke is associated with poor outcomes. However, the causes of weight loss in the acute phase of a stroke are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between acute weight changes and cachexia criteria in patients with an acute stroke. ⋯ The cachexia criteria were independently associated with acute weight loss in patients with a stroke.