Nutrition
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Relationship between the Japanese-style diet, gut microbiota, and dementia: A cross-sectional study.
Previous studies have shown associations between the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and cognitive decline. However, the effect of the dietary composition on such associations has not been fully investigated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationships between adherence to a Japanese-style diet, the gut microbiota, and cognitive decline. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the three forms of the Japanese diet index (JDI; the conventional [JDI9], updated [JDI12], and a newly modified JDI) to determine which would show the closest relationships with cognition and the gut microbiota. ⋯ Adherence to a traditional Japanese diet was found to be inversely associated with cognitive decline and tended to be associated with lower concentrations of gut microbial metabolites.
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Previous studies confirmed the safety and feasibility of oral feeding on the first postoperative day (POD) for patients with minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). Nonetheless, some clinical concern can lead to delays in early oral feeding on POD 1. To our knowledge, few reports have focused on resolving these clinical concerns. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of an early, quantified, modified oral feeding protocol for patients after MIE and to explore its effect on nutritional status and quality of life (QoL). ⋯ The findings demonstrated that the early, quantified, modified oral feeding protocol can alleviate postoperative body weight loss, improve the patient's nutritional status, and have a positive effect on QoL and early recovery for patients undergoing MIE.
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It has been suggested that circulating fatty acids (FAs) take part in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with obesity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the serum FA concentration in this pediatric population. ⋯ Data from the present study do support the hypothesis that FAs are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in children with obesity.
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Body composition was reported to be related to the prognosis of patients with cancer. This study aimed to investigate the influence of preoperative body composition on anastomotic leakage and overall survival in patients with esophageal cancer. ⋯ Patients with higher VAT and VFI were prone to have an anastomotic leakage. Lower BMI, VFI, and SFI were associated with a reduction in overall survival.
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Malnutrition is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) was proposed to assess the severity and characteristics of malnutrition. Thus, we aimed to use the latest consensus on the diagnosis of malnutrition, GLIM criteria, to evaluate malnutrition in patients with IBD. ⋯ The prevalence of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria was high in non-surgical patients with IBD, and as the degree of malnutrition worsened, more phenotypes and etiologic types appeared. The phenotypic and etiologic characteristics of GLIM were different in patients with Crohn disease than in those with ulcerative colitis.