Nutrition
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Caffeine decreases ammonemia in athletes using a ketogenic diet during prolonged exercise.
Both exercise and a ketogenic (low-carbohydrate) diet favor glycogen depletion and increase ammonemia, which can impair physical performance. Caffeine supplementation has been routinely used to improve exercise performance. Herein, the effect of xanthine was evaluated on ammonemia in cyclists who were placed on a ketogenic diet and engaged in prolonged exercise. ⋯ Our results suggest that the consumption of caffeine might attenuate the increase in ammonemia that occurs during exercise.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of extra virgin olive oil and pecans on plasma fatty acids in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a healthy diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil or pecans on plasma fatty acids (PFAs) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). ⋯ In patients with stable CAD, there were no significant differences in PFAs after 12 wk according to dietary interventions evaluated.
-
This study aimed to compare the serum level of micronutrients with normal amounts, and assess their association with the severity of disease and inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ⋯ Lower serum levels of vitamin D, zinc, and magnesium were involved in severe COVID-19.
-
We sought to investigate the relationship between the usual intake of fatty acids and indices of dietary fat quality in pregnant women and the birth-weight categories of their newborns. ⋯ The data suggest that better-quality fat in the maternal diet can reduce the chance of a large-for-gestational-age newborn.
-
Previous studies have indicated that dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are associated with decreased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the causality of the observed associations is largely undetermined. We sought to ascertain the potential causal roles of two of the most common MUFAs, oleic acid and palmitoleic acid, in RA and OA risk using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. ⋯ Our Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a causal relationship between higher genetically predicted MUFA levels and lower risks of RA. However, the causality between MUFAs and OA cannot be inferred from this study. Further research is required to unravel the role of MUFA supplementation in arthritis prevention.