Nutrition
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This study aimed to investigate the potential of using changes in the plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, as a biomarker in early Parkinson's disease (PD). ⋯ The results demonstrate that lower baseline plasma TMAO levels are associated with faster increases in LED and tend to increase the risk for PD-dementia conversion, suggesting the prognostic implications of TMAO in early stage PD.
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The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the nutritional status and energy metabolism of the host. Liver cirrhosis is accompanied by muscle wasting or sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to to explore the changes in intestinal microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis and muscle wasting by using metagenomics. ⋯ There were compositional alterations in intestinal microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis and muscle wasting. L3 SMI is closely related to E. coli, P. stomatis, and B. uniformis in liver cirrhosis. Further interventional studies are needed to confirm whether improving intestinal microbiota can improve the nutritional status of patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Many patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also have diabetes. However, the genetic factors associated with diabetes in NAFLD are unclear. In this study, we investigated the clinical course and risk factors of diabetes development. ⋯ Patient genetic background affected treatment response and incidence of diabetes in patients with NAFLD.
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Observational Study
Effects of malnutrition on long-term survival in adult patients after elective cardiac surgery.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and long-term survival in patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). ⋯ Preoperative malnutrition is not associated with 8-y mortality in a mixed cardiac surgery cohort. However, it may be associated with worse 3-y outcomes in patients with heart valve disease.
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The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the relationships between carbohydrate consumption, glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), and the risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among adults admitted to an Iranian hospital. ⋯ Our data suggest that a high dietary GL, high GI, and high consumption of dietary carbohydrates significantly elevate the risk of H. pylori infection. Also, the amount of bread and refined-grain products consumed had a significant positive relationship with H. pylori infection.