Nutrition
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Baseline body composition has been associated with dismal outcomes in patients undergoing a variety of major abdominal operations. Whether specific anthropometric indexes can predict morbidity after rectal resection has been poorly investigated. The aims of this study were to assess whether there is a relationship between body mass index and the different computed tomography-assessed body composition indexes, and whether the analysis of different body compartments could be predictive of short-term outcomes in patients undergoing curative surgery for rectal cancer. ⋯ Some anthropometric indexes are accurate predictors of specific types of morbidity. These findings may allow a more accurate preoperative risk stratification.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of breakfast consumption and breakfast size on daily energy, nutrient intakes, and diet quality. ⋯ These findings indicate that obtaining a higher proportion of daily EI from breakfast may result in more favorable dietary profiles and lower daily EI. Further research is needed to confirm this.
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Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by the co-occurrence of high adiposity (HA) and low muscle mass (LM) and has been associated with an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between markers of insulin sensitivity and SO defined by three novel body composition models: body composition phenotypes; truncal fat mass to appendicular skeletal mass (TrFM/ASM) ratio load capacity; and fat mass to fat-free mass (FM/FFM) ratio load capacity. ⋯ SO defined by both the four body composition phenotypes and TrFM/ASM definitions was associated with increased impairment of insulin sensitivity and glycemic control.
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Cocoa contains many chemical compounds that affect the physiological functions of experimental animals and humans. The present study used a mouse model characterized by disrupted circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and sleep-wake cycles to determine whether natural cocoa improves chronic sleep disorders (CSDs) induced by psychophysiological stress. ⋯ These findings suggest that dietary cocoa exerts beneficial effects on insomnia and circadian sleep disorders induced by psychophysiological stress.
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Atherosclerosis is an underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, and obesity is one of the risk factors for atherogenesis. Although a gluten-free diet (GFD) has gained popularity as a strategy for weight loss, little is known about the effects of gluten on obesity. We have previously shown a negative effect of gluten on obesity in mice. However, its effects on atherogenesis are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of gluten on atherosclerosis progression during obesity. ⋯ The gluten-containing high-fat diet was associated with a more severe proatherogenic profile than the gluten-free high-fat diet owing to increased inflammatory and oxidative status at atherosclerotic lesions in obese mice.