Nutrition
-
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disease characterized by multiple and bilateral cystic dilation of renal tubules. Hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and accelerated atherosclerosis are alterations found at a very early stage of the disease and are responsible for increasing both cardiovascular risks and progression toward end-stage renal disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the use of 1.6 g α-lipoic acid (ALA) daily for 3 and 6 on the main markers of systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis, as well as on nutritional, cardiovascular, and psychocognitive parameters, in ADPKD patients with CKD stage G2/G3 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes chronic kidney disease (KDIGO) compared to controls. ⋯ We suggest an early and careful monitoring of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with ADPKD. Moreover, we suggest the use of ALA, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceutical with few side effects. Additionally, it is important to evaluate the cognitive abilities, psychological health, and quality of life of patients with ADPKD, especially at the early stage of disease.
-
Multicenter Study
Low iron stores in preconception nulliparous women; a two-center cross-sectional study in peri-urban Ghana.
The nutritional status of women affects pregnancy outcomes. Preconception care adequately prepares women for the demands of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prepregnancy iron status of nulliparous women in Ghana to provide empirical data to inform policy formulation. ⋯ The high prevalence of depleted iron stores in nulliparous women is a severe public health problem that requires attention.
-
Observational Study
Malnutrition in older adults: Correlations with social, diet-related, and neuropsychological factors.
The number of older adults is increasing rapidly. Malnutrition is a major problem in this age group, which may adversely affect health and quality of life. Several physiological, socioeconomic, and neuropsychological factors can lead to malnutrition. ⋯ Nutritional screening should be performed frequently in all community-dwelling older adults. Health experts should perform nutritional screening in all community-dwelling older adults as part of secondary prevention, and nutrition counselling and support should be offered in those at risk for malnutrition.
-
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and low phase angle (PhA) are associated with demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and nutritional status in patients dependent on alcohol and other substances. ⋯ Low SMI and low PhA are independently associated with heavy alcohol consumption. Low PhA is independently associated with cocaine or crack use.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Carbohydrate restriction in the morning increases weight loss effect of a hypocaloric Mediterranean type diet: a randomized, parallel group dietary intervention in overweight and obese subjects.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of carbohydrate restriction in the morning in the framework of a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet on weight loss and metabolic parameters. ⋯ Integration of morning carbohydrate restriction into a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet resulted in greater weight loss while retaining metabolic benefits in glycemia-related parameters.