Nutrition
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The aim was to investigate the intergenerational inheritance induced by a high-fat diet on sensitivity to insulin and leptin in the hypothalamic control of satiety in second-generation offspring, which were fed a control diet. ⋯ Overall, progenitors fed a high-fat diet induced changes in the hypothalamic control of satiety of the second-generation offspring from progenitors fed the high-fat diet through intergenerational inheritance. These changes led to hyperphagia, alterations in the hypothalamic pathways of insulin, and leptin and adiposity index increase, favoring the occurrence of different cardiometabolic disorders in the second-generation offspring from progenitors fed the high-fat diet fed only with the control diet.
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Evaluating muscle quality instead of its mass has gained attention in diagnosing sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine whether phase angle (PhA) as a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived muscle quality indicator is associated with overall lower extremity function better than appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) in community-dwelling older adults. ⋯ PhA reflected physical function better than ASMI; using PhA instead of ASMI in BIA-based morphometric evaluation may add information on low physical function and enhance the diagnostic value of sarcopenia.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the stronger correlate of appetite-family or friend networks-in community-dwelling older adults, given that undernutrition can impair physical function, increase mortality, and be influenced by social networks. ⋯ Appetite was associated with family networks. Among social networks, focusing on family networks may help prevent the loss of appetite in older adults in Japan.
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The merits of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU) remain unclear. This retrospective study aimed to address this issue. ⋯ EEN may improve short-term outcomes in CTICU patients without a clear survival benefit. Early high caloric and protein intake could lead to adverse outcomes, suggesting a careful evaluation for initiating EN in specific patients.