Nutrition
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Among diet-induced obesity animal models, the cafeteria diet, which contains human junk food and processed foods, is a popular experimental animal diets in Western countries. Consumption of a cafeteria diet can lead to the development of obesity and non-alcoholic liver disease in as soon as 2 mo, which more accurately reflects human eating patterns. The aim of this study was to establish a Taiwanese cafeteria diet and compare it with a traditional lard-based, 60% high-fat diet in a 12-wk animal model. ⋯ The present study confirmed that the Taiwanese cafeteria diet-induced rat model provided a potential platform for investigating obesity-related diseases.
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The aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio, an indicator for liver fibrosis, could be easily detected in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the AST/ALT ratio and skeletal muscle mass among Chinese community adult residents. ⋯ In general, the high AST/ALT ratio was an independent adverse indicator of the presence of LMM.
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Observational Study
Exploring the use of the GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition in cancer inpatients.
The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria establish a diagnosis of malnutrition based on the presence of at least one phenotypic and one etiologic criterion. This study aimed to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the GLIM criteria in hospitalized cancer patients. ⋯ The predictive validity of the GLIM was satisfactory in surgical cancer patients.
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High-resolution metabolomics enables global assessment of metabolites and molecular pathways underlying physiologic processes, including substrate utilization during the fasted state. The clinical index for substrate utilization, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), is measured via indirect calorimetry. The aim of this pilot study was to use metabolomics to identify metabolic pathways and plasma metabolites associated with substrate utilization in healthy, fasted adults. ⋯ The fasting plasma metabolome reflects the diverse macronutrient pathways involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism during the fasted state in healthy adults. Future studies should consider the utility of metabolomics to profile individual nutrient requirements and compare findings reported here to clinical populations.
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Hospital-associated sarcopenia is prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in acutely admitted patients. Prevention of developing sarcopenia during hospitalization is an important factor in stroke management. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether energy intake and rehabilitation duration contribute to the prevention of hospital-associated sarcopenia in patients with acute stroke. ⋯ In patients with acute stroke, the combination of high energy intake and adequate rehabilitation time is associated with prevention of hospital-associated sarcopenia.