Nutrition
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To investigate the association of the intakes of ω-3 (including α-linolenic acid [ALA], eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] plus docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the interaction, and the ratio of these PUFAs with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. ⋯ The ALA intake was inversely associated with the MetS, irrespective of the background intake of ω-6 PUFAs, in adults.
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The main purpose of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of the bioelectrical phase angle (PA) in patients with heart failure independently of other parameters of a poor prognosis. ⋯ In this study population, a smaller PA was associated with malnutrition markers such as decreased body mass index, handgrip strength, and hemoglobin values and with a poor New York Heart Association functional class and renal failure. Adjusting for age, hemoglobin levels, and diabetes, a PA <4.2 was found to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in chronic heart failure.
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It remains unsettled whether dietary patterns play a role in insulin resistance. We assessed the association of major dietary patterns with C-peptide concentrations in a Japanese working population. ⋯ The Westernized breakfast pattern may be associated with a lower insulin resistance in Japanese women.
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We investigated factors leading to a reduction in enteral nutrition (EN) prescribed by a nutritional support team (NST) at a general hospital in Brazil. ⋯ Major reasons for inadequate EN intake are (in decreasing order) operational logistical problems, gastric stasis, accidental loss of enteral feeding tube, and interference by an external physician (not an NST member). Cardiologic patients and ICU patients are at a higher risk for inadequacy than neurologic patients.
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Oxidative stress and inflammation seem to mediate the cardiovascular risks associated with salt sensitivity. Because hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors decrease oxidation and increase nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, we examined the effects of atorvastatin (ator) on tissue injury in rats with a reduced renal mass produced by 5/6 nephrectomy. This salt-sensitive hypertension model causes kidney and cardiovascular injuries. ⋯ Atorvastatin exerts beneficial effects on renal function, injury, and salt sensitivity in rats with a reduced renal mass on an NNaD. The HNaD hampers these beneficial effects.