Nutrition
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Aronia melanocarpa fruits (Rosaceae) are one of the richest plant sources of phenolic substances, and it has been shown to have various biological activities. Berries of A. melanocarpa (chokeberry) have been supposed to be beneficial for the prevention of cardiovascular events. In this study the influence of aronia extract on the clot formation (using human plasma and purified fibrinogen) and the fibrin lysis during the model of hyperhomocysteinemia was investigated. ⋯ In the comparative studies, the extract from berries of A. melanocarpa and reseveratrol had similar protective properties. It gives hopes for development of diet supplements, which may be preventing thrombosis in pathological states where plasma procoagulant activity and oxidative stress are observed e.g. in hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Multicenter Study
The BASA-ROT table: an arithmetic-hypothetical concept for easy BMI-, age-, and sex-adjusted bedside estimation of energy expenditure.
The rule of thumb (ROT) method is used to estimate energy expenditure (EE) at bedside. ROTs are fixed numbers of calories given daily per kilogram of body weight. Textbooks nevertheless indicate that age and body mass index (BMI) affect EE. This should also affect ROTs. We thus scrutinized the impact of BMI, age, and sex on ROTs, compared the results to the often used 25 kcal/kg ROT, and calculated a BMI-, age-, and sex-adjusted ROT table containing calories per kilogram in the basal state. ⋯ We found that both BMI and age significantly impacted ROT estimates. Thus, using one single fixed ROT for all patients independent of age and BMI does not seem appropriate. We consequently suggest a calculated table of BMI-, age-, and sex-adjusted ROTs where the results of resting EE were multiplied with 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 and separately listed in the table to account for activity/stress factors.
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This study aimed to estimate the dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous rural children and identify the main foods contributing to their GI and GL. ⋯ The quality of carbohydrates in the diets of the participants was low, with poorer dietary items contributing most of the GI and GL. Substituting white breads with low/lower GI alternatives may be a useful strategy.
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Quality of life (QoL) is impaired in obesity, but the roles of eating behavior and psychological distress need to be more documented. ⋯ The impairment of QoL in obese patients is increased by the presence of an ED, anxiety, and/or depression and marked body shape concern. These psychological factors should be assessed more carefully and taken into account in global strategies aiming to improve the well-being of obese patients.
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Comparative proteomic analysis of human whole saliva of children with protein-energy undernutrition.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protein profile of children with different levels of protein-energy undernutrition (PEU) through a proteomic approach of human whole saliva. ⋯ The protein profile in saliva varies according to the presence or absence of PEU, and these variations are specifically expressed in different grades of undernutrition. Thus, saliva may be an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of PEU.