Nutrition
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The circadian rhythms are controlled by the central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei and by the peripheral clocks in tissues, including adipose tissue. The adipose tissue circadian clock may be associated with the regulation of insulin action; however, human data are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue circadian genes as they relate to obesity and insulin sensitivity before and after diet-induced weight loss. ⋯ Adipose tissue circadian gene expression is decreased in obesity and this decrease may be partially reversed by dietary intervention. Among circadian genes, NR1D2 and DBP seem to be specifically associated with insulin action.
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During musculoskeletal development, the vitamin D endocrine system is crucial, because vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption is a major regulator of bone growth. Because exercise regimens depend on bone mass, the direct action of active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]) on musculoskeletal performance should be determined. ⋯ This study dissected the physiological functions of 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signaling in muscle and revealed that regulation of ATP dynamics is involved in sustaining locomotor function.
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Buckwheat quercetin (QUE) was used as a dietary supplement to investigate the mechanism of QUE on the regulation of lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in hyperlipidemic rats. ⋯ A QUE dose of 200 mg/kg may improve lipid levels and the composition of intestinal flora through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that proteobacteria and christensenellaceae abundance changes may be biomarkers of potential diseases.
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The aim of this study was to demonstrate that swimming exercise combined with silymarin and vitamin C supplementation improves hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver histopathology in elderly rats with high-fat diet-induced liver damage. ⋯ In elderly rats with liver injury caused by an HFD, the combination of exercise and silymarin with vitamin C supplementation effectively reduced oxidative stress, liver inflammation, fat accumulation, and regulated liver enzymes.
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This is a psychometric study aimed at proposing a scale for estimating the consumption of ultraprocessed foods using item response theory. ⋯ The proposed ultraprocessed foods consumption scale presents an estimation of consistency and is a potential brief tool for use in assessing the consumption of this food group.