Nutrition
-
A 76-y-old Japanese man who had undergone gastrectomy 4.5 y earlier experienced 2 wk of sore throat, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Endoscopy showed deep, craterlike, longitudinal ulcers in the lower and middle esophagus. Immunohistochemistry and blood tests were negative for herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infections. ⋯ Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after symptom relief showed improvement in the esophageal ulcers. He has continued taking zinc supplementations, and has not developed similar symptoms in the 5 y since being treated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of esophageal ulcers related to zinc deficiency.
-
No specific therapy is available for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. We investigated nicotinamide riboside (NR) and dietary restriction (DR) effects in liver lipids, inflammation, histology, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiota in a cafeteria diet (CAFD)-induced obesity model. ⋯ This study suggests that NR can be a potential adjuvant to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease therapy, encouraging further research in this field.
-
It is not clear yet if abnormal body mass index affects the outcome of stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to explore this issue through a retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis. ⋯ Our results suggested that abnormal body mass index had no prognostic significance for the functional outcome or mortality of stroke patients at 3 mo after IVT.
-
Childhood undernutrition continues to be a major public health problem and one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The risk factors of child undernutrition are diverse and change with time, place, and season. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors influencing stunting and wasting among children 1 to 5 years of age in the Nkwanta South Municipality, Ghana. ⋯ Furthermore, factors influencing wasting were parents' educational level, parents' working status, child's age, birth interval, exclusive breastfeeding, poor appetite, child's vaccination status, and recurrent diarrhea. The results showed a high prevalence of stunting and wasting among children 1 to 5 years in the Nkwanta South Municipality. This finding indicates the degree to which nutritional screening for children is very crucial, and thus recommends government and health authorities to adapt or promote nutrition-related interventions such as educational awareness on the utilization of family planning services for birth spacing, exclusive breastfeeding practices, and vaccination to prevent undernutrition among young children.
-
The progression of chronic liver disease is associated with metabolic alterations that compromise the patient's body composition and physical function. Muscle wasting often occurs with pathologic fat accumulation in the muscle (myosteatosis). Unfavorable changes in body composition frequently arise in conjunction with a decrease in muscle strength. These conditions are associated with worse prognoses. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between computed tomography (CT)-derived measures of muscle mass and muscle radiodensity (myosteatosis) and its correlation with muscle strength in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. ⋯ Low muscle mass and clinical characteristics of disease severity may adversely affect muscle strength in patients with liver cirrhosis.