Journal of clinical anesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of labetalol or lidocaine on the hemodynamic response to intubation: a controlled randomized double-blind study.
Labetalol, a combined alpha 1- and nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug, was compared to lidocaine or saline to minimize the hypertensive and tachycardic response to intubation in a controlled randomized double-blind study in patients undergoing surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Forty adult patients were divided into four groups of 10 each: placebo (saline), lidocaine 100 mg, labetalol 5 mg, or labetalol 10 mg. The double-blind preparation was administered as an IV bolus just prior to induction and 2 min before the stimulus of laryngoscopy and intubation. ⋯ Labetalol 10 mg prevented a rise in heart rate after intubation compared to patients who received placebo, lidocaine 100 mg, or labetalol 5 mg. The hypertensive response to intubation was similar in all four groups. Labetalol 10 mg IV just prior to induction of anesthesia is a safe and cost-effective means of preventing tachycardia but not hypertension in response to laryngoscopy and intubation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Partial attenuation of hemodynamic responses to rapid sequence induction and intubation with labetalol.
The effectiveness of labetalol (a combination nonselective beta and alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) in modifying hemodynamic responses associated with rapid sequence induction and tracheal intubation was evaluated. In a double-blind study, 24 ASA physical status I or II male patients scheduled for elective surgery were given either IV labetalol, 0.25 mg/kg (n = 8) or 0.75 mg/kg (n = 8), or a saline placebo (n = 8). Five minutes later, patients were given oxygen by mask and IV vecuronium, 0.01 mg/kg. ⋯ Within 30 seconds after intubation, patients in all three groups exhibited increases in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, and rate pressure product and a decrease in stroke volume. However, patients in the 0.25 and 0.75 mg/kg labetalol groups, compared to those in the placebo group, had significantly lower increases in peak heart rate (33 +/- 2 and 27 +/- 3 vs. 44 +/- 7 beats/minute), peak mean arterial pressure (38 +/- 6 and 38 +/- 7 vs. 58 +/- 7 mmHg), and peak rate pressure product (7,726 +/- 260 and 7,215 +/- 300 vs. 14,023 +/- 250 units). The results show that these doses of labetalol significantly blunt, but do not completely block, autonomic responses to rapid sequence induction and intubation.
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Review Case Reports
Fetal surgery and general anesthesia: a case report and review.
Fetal surgery, in utero, is now a viable option for some congenital conditions due to recent advances in ultrasound and microsurgical technology. Previous reports of anesthesia for such procedures have focused on spinal or epidural conduction techniques. ⋯ In addition to maternal anesthesia, general anesthesia can provide fetal neuromuscular block (without direct fetal injection of blocking agents) and uterine relaxation. It may also blunt fetal response to surgical stimulation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Attenuation of the hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation with preinduction intravenous labetalol.
Endotracheal intubation following anesthesia induction frequently produces hypertension and tachycardia. This study evaluated the efficacy of preinduction IV labetalol for attenuating the hemodynamic responses to intubation following thiopental and succinylcholine induction of anesthesia. Two hours after diazepam (10 mg by mouth), 60 patients were randomized in a double-blind manner and received IV saline or labetalol at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 mg/kg in a parallel design study. ⋯ All doses of labetalol significantly attenuated the rate-pressure product increase immediately postintubation versus placebo. There was a dose-dependent attenuation of the increases in heart rate and the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures versus placebo following intubation. IV labetalol at doses up to 0.75 mg/kg offers an effective pharmacologic means of attenuating preoperative hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation.
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This is a population-based study of the safety of obstetrical anesthesia in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts between 1954 and 1985. We used data collected by the state Committee on Maternal Mortality, which was founded in 1941. There were a total of 37 maternal deaths during the study period due to anesthetic-related complications. ⋯ During the second decade, cardiovascular collapse associated with regional anesthesia was the primary cause of death. During the last decade of this study, all deaths were associated with general endotracheal anesthesia. As a result of this study and having identified the changes in the standard of care in Massachusetts that led to the reduction in maternal mortality, we offer recommendations to further improve the safety of anesthesia for childbirth in this country.