Pediatric radiology
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In juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), imaging is increasingly used in clinical practice. In this paper we discuss imaging of the knee, the clinically most commonly affected joint in JIA. ⋯ The validation processes of MRI as an imaging biomarker for clinical trials in the JIA knee are at an advanced stage, with important data available on the feasibility, reliability and validity of the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring system. Moreover, both US and MRI data are emerging on the normal appearance of the growing knee joint.
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Pediatric radiology · Jun 2018
Equivalent success and complication rates of tunneled common femoral venous catheter placed in the interventional suite vs. at patient bedside.
Femoral tunneled central line placement in the pediatric population offers an alternative means for intravenous (IV) access, but there is concern for higher complication and infection rates when placed at bedside. ⋯ In a cohort of children receiving primary femoral tunneled central venous catheters, the complication and infection rates in a bedside setting are not significantly increased compared to the lines placed in an IR suite. The perception of increased infection and complications from bedside-placed tunneled central venous catheters appears to be hyperbolized.
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Pediatric radiology · May 2018
Emergency department imaging of pediatric trauma patients during combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Military hospitals in Iraq and Afghanistan treated children with traumatic injuries during the recent conflicts. Diagnostic imaging is an integral component of trauma management; however, few published data exist on its use in the wartime pediatric population. ⋯ Military health care providers frequently utilized radiographic studies in the evaluation of pediatric trauma casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan. Deployed military hospitals that treat children would benefit from dedicated pediatric-specific imaging training and protocols.
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Pediatric radiology · May 2018
Comparative StudyCan diffusion-weighted whole-body MRI replace contrast-enhanced CT for initial staging of Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents?
Although positron emission tomography with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET/CT) has been recommended as the method of choice for lymphoma staging, it has limited availability in several countries, therefore, studies comparing whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to conventional staging methods or to FDG-PET/CT are an important tool to establish whole-body MRI as an alternative to these methods. ⋯ Whole-body MRI has excellent sensitivity for staging of Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. It can thus be considered an alternative for this purpose, particularly because it does not expose patients to ionizing radiation.
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Pediatric radiology · May 2018
Case ReportsPulmonary embolus as cause of death in an adolescent: demonstration on postmortem CT.
Computed tomography (CT) is widely accepted in adult forensic death investigations (determination of cause and manner of death) but is only beginning to play a larger role in the cause of death determination in infants and children. We present a case of an adolescent with nephrotic syndrome who sustained cardiac arrest and died in the emergency department. A postmortem CT was requested by the state Office of the Medical Examiner as part of the medicolegal death investigation. Postmortem CT showed a saddle pulmonary embolus that was confirmed on conventional autopsy, demonstrating a natural manner of death.