Pediatric radiology
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2015
ReviewImaging of pediatric pathology during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts.
United States Armed Forces radiologists deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq in modern military conflicts may encounter pediatric patients as a casualty of war or when providing humanitarian assistance to the indigenous population. Pediatric patients account for 4-7% of admissions at U. ⋯ It is pertinent for radiologists in the humanitarian care team to be familiar with imaging pediatric trauma patients, the pathology endemic to the local population, and delayed presentations of congenital and developmental disorders to adequately care for these patients. The radiological manifestations of various pediatric disorders seen in the setting of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts will be explored.
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2015
ReviewUltrasound-guided joint injections for MR arthrography in pediatric patients: how we do it.
In children, MR arthrography is typically performed using fluoroscopic guidance. This article explores the role of US-guided joint injections as an alternative for MR arthrography in children, discussing its advantages and disadvantages compared to standard methods. We describe techniques for performing US-guided injection of the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle and posterior subtalar joints, highlighting pertinent anatomy, routes of access and unique considerations for this modality in children. ⋯ We conclude that US provides effective guidance for intra-articular injection prior to MR arthrography, with the advantages of improved visualization of internal structures, reduced radiation exposure, convenience of performing the procedure portably and ease of performance. Although this paper does not address therapeutic steroid injections, these techniques could easily be translated for such purposes. We propose US guidance as a viable alternative to fluoroscopic technique for arthrography in children.
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2015
Estimated risk of radiation-induced cancer from paediatric chest CT: two-year cohort study.
The increasing absolute number of paediatric CT scans raises concern about the safety and efficacy and the effects of consecutive diagnostic ionising radiation. ⋯ Using dedicated scan protocols, total lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence and mortality for chest CT is estimated low for paediatric chest CT, being highest for female neonates.
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Pediatric radiology · Jan 2015
Comparative StudySelective CT for PET/CT: dose reduction in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
In Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), FDG PET demonstrates active disease in bone. Other imaging modalities show the effects of bone destruction by LCH. ⋯ Substantial reduction in effective dose is possible using selective CT techniques for FDG PET/CT.
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Pediatric radiology · Jan 2015
Transient flow response after femoral artery catheterization for diagnostic neuroangiography in infants and children: Doppler US assessment of the ipsilateral femoral artery.
Hemodynamic changes in the distal arteries during transfemoral catheterization in children have not been documented. ⋯ Changes in the spectral waveforms of superficial femoral arteries frequently occur in children during transfemoral cerebral angiography (13/27, 48%). Significant arterial flow disturbance was noted on Doppler US in children with a common femoral artery <1 mm larger than the femoral sheath diameter.