Pediatric radiology
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2002
Case ReportsIntraosseous vascular access defect: fracture mimic in the skeletal survey for child abuse.
Two infants were transferred to the emergency department for injuries suggestive of child abuse. Skeletal surveys showed cortical bone defects in the proximal tibiae that were initially interpreted as healing fractures. Further investigation, however, revealed that intraosseous (IO) vascular access needles had been placed at these sites in both infants. In the appropriate clinical setting, a cortical lesion in the proximal tibia corresponding to the site of IO needle insertion should not be mistaken for a radiographic sign of child abuse.
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Pediatric radiology · Feb 2002
Case ReportsCongenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face with ipsilateral hemimegalencephaly.
An extremely rare case of congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CILF) associated with ipsilateral hemimegalencephaly is reported in a 3-month-old boy. MRI not only thoroughly evaluated the extent of the lesion, but also demonstrated the cerebral anomaly. MRI is indispensable in the evaluation of patients suspected of having CILF.
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Pediatric radiology · Feb 2002
Are chest radiographs routinely necessary following thoracostomy tube removal?
Chest radiographs (CXRs) are routinely obtained at many institutions in all pediatric patients following thoracostomy tube removal to search for pneumothorax (PTX). To aid in evaluating the necessity of this practice, this study investigates whether clinical signs and symptoms may be a sensitive predictor of PTX in such patients. ⋯ Clinical signs and symptoms identified nearly all patients with significant pneumothoraces. Future prospective investigations may examine reserving chest radiography following chest tube removal for select groups, such as symptomatic patients or those with tenuous cardiovascular status.
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Pediatric radiology · Sep 2001
Case ReportsHerpes simplex encephalitis: MRI findings in two cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assay.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I causes a fulminant necrotising meningoencephalitis distinguished from other encephalitides by its focal and often haemorrhagic nature. Specific antiviral therapy with acyclovir can significantly improve the prognosis. We present MRI findings of two cases of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) confirmed by PCR analysis, focusing on the serial changes after acyclovir therapy: gyral swelling, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the subfrontal region, temporal lobe and insula in the initial stage, then regional extension with enhancement and haemorrhage despite appropriate acyclovir therapy, and finally encephalomalacia and brain atrophy.
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Pediatric radiology · Aug 2001
Case ReportsImaging of blunt arterial trauma of the upper extremity in children.
We report four patients with blunt arterial trauma of the upper limb following unusual mechanisms of injury in two patients (one fell on the handlebars of his bicycle, the second was crushed by a moving lawn mower) and due to bicycle accidents in two further patients. The use of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in all patients, together with colour Doppler imaging (CDI) in one patient, provided optimum preoperative identification and localisation of the arterial lesions.