The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Efficacy of sucrose to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity.
Eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are painful to the neonate. The use of topical anesthetic for eye examinations to evaluate ROP is routine in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), but does not completely suppress painful responses. Sweet solutions have been shown to reduce procedural pain in newborns. ⋯ Oral sucrose may reduce the immediate pain response in premature infants undergoing eye examination for ROP.
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To review the availability, mechanisms, limitations, and clinical application of point-of-care (POC) devices used in the management of warfarin and parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors. ⋯ POC testing for anticoagulation therapy has been available for >20 years. Multiple POC devices are available to monitor warfarin. There is some variability in results between devices and between reagents used in the same device. Despite these limitations, POC monitoring of warfarin via the PT-INR is an integral part of clinical practice. Additional research evaluating POC monitoring of direct thrombin inhibitors is necessary.
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Comparative Study
Atomoxetine ingestions in children: a report from poison centers.
Atomoxetine uses a novel non-stimulant approach to the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. There is limited information on overdose of atomoxetine in children or adults. ⋯ In this case series, clinically significant cardiovascular effects requiring direct intervention did not occur. Activated charcoal and/or observation appear to be sufficient for accidental ingestion. Further investigation may be needed to indicate whether seizures occur from atomoxetine ingestion.
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To report a case of sulfhemoglobinemia in a patient receiving phenazopyridine for a urinary tract infection. ⋯ This case of sulfhemoglobinemia, which occurred after the patient took phenazopyridine, is considered a probable adverse event according to the Naranjo probability scale.
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Tramadol is a unique analgesic that has been associated with seizures on overdose. ⋯ Tramadol overdoses frequently cause CNS depression, nausea/vomiting, tachycardia, and seizures. Symptoms generally resolve within 24 hours. Accidental ingestions in children were well tolerated, primarily causing sedation.