Annals of internal medicine
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To examine the temporal relationship between stopping smoking and total mortality rates among middle-aged women. ⋯ The risk of cigarette smoking on total mortality among former smokers decreases nearly to that of never smokers 10 to 14 years after cessation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Subcutaneous morphine for dyspnea in cancer patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The weight-based heparin dosing nomogram compared with a "standard care" nomogram. A randomized controlled trial.
To determine whether an intravenous heparin dosing nomogram based on body weight achieves therapeutic anticoagulation more rapidly than a "standard care" nomogram. ⋯ The weight-based heparin nomogram is widely generalizable and has proved to be effective, safe, and superior to one based on standard practice.
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Comparative Study
Positive end-expiratory pressure increases the right-to-left shunt in mechanically ventilated patients with patent foramen ovale.
To determine the effect of the presence of a patent foramen ovale on the right-to-left shunt in patients with respiratory failure who receive positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). ⋯ A patent foramen ovale was found in 7 of 46 patients (15%; CI, 6% to 29%) with acute respiratory failure. This condition is a common cause of lack of improvement in oxygenation with the addition of PEEP in the mechanically ventilated patient. In patients with a patent foramen ovale, the right-to-left shunt is usually increased by using PEEP.