Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
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The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 6 million people globally; and changed the dynamics of the entire world. In March 2020, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Pakistan, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on 26th February, 2020. ⋯ In the scenario of a lockdown, dental students are suffering a lot and the dental colleges and faculties must try their best to overcome this situation. This article aims to review the challenges faced by dental community to carryout teaching and training in dental education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key Words: COVID-19, Dentistry, Education, Pakistan, Pandemic.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Oct 2020
Correlation between E-Cadherin and Hormone Receptor Status among Breast Cancer Patients.
To determine the association between E-cadherin expression and hormone receptors status in patients with breast cancer. ⋯ The study showed that there is significant association between E-cadherin expression and hormone receptor status, HER2-neu, menopausal status, age of patients, grade of tumour and size of tumour. Key Words: E-cadherin, Hormone receptors, Breast carcinoma, ER, PR and HER 2.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Oct 2020
Frequency of Occult Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients.
Occult HBV is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue and / or HBV DNA in blood of people with negative HBsAg by currently available assays. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of occult HBV in chronic HCV patients. It was a cross-sectional study of one year duration including patients coming to the outpatient department with a positive HCV RNA by PCR from May 2018 to May 2019. ⋯ All 217 cases of chronic HCV infection, which were positive for HCV RNA by PCR, were found to be negative for both HBsAg and HBV DNA. No occult HBV was detected in cases of chronic HCV infection seeking treatment. Key Words: Occult, Hepatitis B, Chronic hepatitis C.
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Parachute mitral valve is a rare congenital heart defect characterised by a distorted mitral geometry with a single papillary muscle for all mitral chords to attach. It may develop in isolation or as a constillation of Shone syndrome. By comprehensive retrieval of the pertinent articles published since 2000, 22 articles with 149 cases of parachute mitral valve were recruited into this study. ⋯ Mitral valve repair is preferred over mitral valve replacement for the mitral valve abnormalities so as to avoid the associated complications of valve replacement procedure. The patients' outcomes are satisfactory with a total event-free survival of surgical patients of 84.8%. Key Words: Cardiac surgical procedures, Congenital heart defects, Mitral valve.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Oct 2020
Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Thyroid Hormone Levels in Patients on Levothyroxine Treatment.
To evaluate the changes in thyroid functions in Ramadan, and compare late evening and pre-seheri use of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism. ⋯ Increase in TSH was not significant after Ramadan. While there was an insignificant increase in median TSH, about one-third of patients had lower TSH, indicating for the need to evaluate every patient individually and follow closely during Ramadan. Clinical studies with larger sample sizes will be helpful to determine the optimal time for levothyroxine use during Ramadan. Key Words: Thyroid functions, Ramadan fasting, Hypothyroidism, Levotyhroxine.