Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Feb 2020
Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Developing Countries.
Anemia is one of the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity across the globe, affecting around two-thirds of pregnant women in developing countries. The objective of this study was to synthesise study findings regarding the prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in developing countries. A total of 28 articles were reviewed by two authors for preliminary screening after removing overlapping information. ⋯ The average prevalence of anemia was found to be 46.5% with a range of 18.1% to 75% in different studies. Factors such as increased maternal age, low education, high parity, poor socio-economic status, poor nutritional status, and certain diseases have been found as important determinants of anemia. There is a need to improve the socio-economic status, literacy, diet and general health of poor women in developing countries.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Feb 2020
Case ReportsExtra-anatomical Cephalic to Internal Jugular Vein Bypass for Central Venous Occlusion.
Extra-anatomical cephalic to internal jugular venovenous bypass is a surgical method of improving the patency of arteriovenous access in patients with central venous stenosis (CVS), which is infrequently performed. It can be more durable compared to percutaneous venoplasty for CVS. We present a 60-year male who developed right subclavian vein stenosis after brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula. ⋯ He underwent cephalic to internal jugular venovenous bypass with externally supported polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft. This provided immediate symptomatic relief and also salvaged his fistula, which was patent at his last follow-up visit at six months. Venovenous bypass can be considered earlier in 'selected' patients to deal CVS not amenable to percutaneous interventions.