World Neurosurg
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Review Case Reports
Treatment outcomes of lower urinary tract symptoms due to fragility sacral fractures: A review of eight patients and literature.
Sacral fractures can cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to damage to the cauda equina. While several studies have reported on sacral fractures due to high-energy trauma, those due to fragility fractures have only been reported in case reports and their clinical differences are not well known. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of LUTS caused by fragility sacral fractures and propose a novel treatment strategy. ⋯ LUTS can improve even with conservative treatment and should be utilized as the primary choice. LUTS caused by severe sacral canal deformity and stenosis can be reversible, and the decision to perform surgical treatment is still timely if LUTS do not improve with conservative treatment for several weeks.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been related to a higher risk of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the previous studies showed inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the association between DM and IVDD in adult population. ⋯ DM may be associated with IVDD in adult population, which seems to be independent of age and body mass index.
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Review Case Reports
Radiation-associated Vestibular Schwannomas: Case Series and Literature Review.
Radiation treatment, particularly at a young age, creates theoretical risk for long-term adverse radiation effects, including the development of malignancy. The literature is sparse on radiation-induced vestibular schwannomas (VSs). ⋯ The development of VS following radiation exposure appears rare and our understanding of the condition remains incomplete. Further studies are required to determine the best management of these patients and determine whether there is a causative relationship between radiation exposure and the development of VS.
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Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors often monitored over time, with measurement techniques for assessing growth rates subject to significant interobserver variability. Automatic segmentation of these tumors could provide a more reliable and efficient for tracking their progression, especially given the irregular shape and growth patterns of VS. ⋯ Accurate measurement of VS growth is a complex process, with volumetric analysis currently appearing more reliable than linear measurements. Automatic segmentation, despite its challenges, offers a promising avenue for future investigation. Robust well-generalized models could potentially improve the efficiency of tracking tumor growth, thereby augmenting clinical decision-making. Further work needs to be done to develop more robust models, address the domain shift, and enable secure data sharing for wider applicability.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a major source of disability worldwide, increasing the interest in algorithms that use artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize the interpretation of imaging studies, prognosis estimation, and critical care issues. In this study we present a bibliometric analysis and mini-review on the main uses that have been developed for TBI in AI. ⋯ AI has become a relevant research field in TBI during the last 20 years, demonstrating great potential in imaging, but a more modest performance for prognostic estimation and neuromonitoring.