The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Feb 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyAlendronate for the treatment of pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta: a randomized placebo-controlled study.
Information on the use of oral bisphosphonate agents to treat pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is limited. ⋯ Oral ALN for 2 yr in pediatric patients with OI significantly decreased bone turnover and increased spine areal BMD but was not associated with improved fracture outcomes.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Feb 2011
Multicenter StudyEffect of denosumab on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover: six-year results of a phase 2 clinical trial.
This is a study extension to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. ⋯ In this study, denosumab was well tolerated and effective through 6 yr of continuous treatment in postmenopausal women with low bone mass.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Feb 2011
Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea improves cardiometabolic function in young obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are insulin resistant and have a high risk of early-onset diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has adverse cardiometabolic consequences and is highly prevalent in women with PCOS. We sought to determine whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of OSA has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic function in PCOS. ⋯ In young obese women with PCOS, successful treatment of OSA improves insulin sensitivity, decreases sympathetic output, and reduces diastolic blood pressure. The magnitude of these beneficial effects is modulated by the hours of CPAP use and the degree of obesity.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Feb 2011
Small intestinal alterations in severely obese hyperglycemic subjects.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with small intestinal hyperplasia and hypertrophy in rodents. Moreover, the small intestine is increasingly acknowledged to play a role in the pathophysiology of DM2. ⋯ Chronically elevated glucose levels in obese individuals are associated with increased small intestinal enterocyte mass and increased enterocyte loss. These findings argue for the further exploration of the role of the intestine in the pathophysiology of DM2.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Feb 2011
Adipose tissue has aberrant morphology and function in PCOS: enlarged adipocytes and low serum adiponectin, but not circulating sex steroids, are strongly associated with insulin resistance.
Comprehensive characterization of the adipose tissue in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), over a wide range of body mass indices (BMIs), is lacking. Mechanisms behind insulin resistance in PCOS are unclear. ⋯ In PCOS, adipose tissue has aberrant morphology/function. Increased waist-to-hip ratio indicates abdominal/visceral fat accumulation, but this is not supported by MRI. Enlarged adipocytes and reduced serum adiponectin, together with a large waistline, rather than androgen excess, may be central factors in the pathogenesis/maintenance of insulin resistance in PCOS.