Int J Clin Pharm Th
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Jul 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAcute effects of a single oral dose of carvedilol on cardiac sympathovagal balance in man.
Modulation of autonomic activity is considered to be a prognostic marker in patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the modulation of sympathovagal balance after single-dose administration of carvedilol using various autonomic tests as challenges of sympathovagal balance. We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 18 male volunteers and applied a crossover design. ⋯ Apparently, the effects of even small doses of carvedilol, too low to induce effects detectable in the 24-hour analysis of HRV testing, can be detected on controlled maneuvers of autonomic because of their ability to modulate autonomic balance. Under conditions of vagal stimulation, a potentially beneficial augmentation of HRV parameters indicative for this component is induced by carvedilol, while under conditions of sympathetic activation, carvedilol effects seem opposite. Interpretation of the latter results, in particular, requires further investigation.
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Mar 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparative study of caudal bupivacaine and midazolam-bupivacaine mixture for post-operative analgesia in children undergoing genitourinary surgery.
This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of caudal midazolam-bupivacaine combination in providing post-operative pain relief in children undergoing genitourinary surgery and to study the occurrence of adverse effects. ⋯ Caudal administration of bupivacaine-midazolam mixture prolongs post-operative analgesia compared to bupivacaine alone without causing any adverse effects.
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Aug 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPharmacodynamics and tolerability of acetyl starch as a new plasma volume expander in patients undergoing elective surgery.
Acetyl starch (ACS) is a new synthetic colloid solution for plasma volume expansion and is now undergoing phase II clinical trials. We compared the pharmacodynamics and tolerability of ACS with those ofhydroxyethyl starch (HES) in 32 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II) undergoing elective surgery. ⋯ ACS and HES are equally effective plasma volume expanders; ACS might be a new, alternative colloid solution with fewer coagulation side-effects than HES.
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · May 2000
Clinical TrialEffect of chronic renal failure on the disposition of highly hepatically metabolized drugs.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of renal impairment on the disposition of an extensively metabolized drug, i.e., drug X. Drug X has a hepatic extraction ratio of less than 0.1 and free fraction in plasma of less than 1% in healthy volunteers. ⋯ Chronic renal disease should not be considered as an isolated event that affects only renally excreted drugs. Uremia may also modify the disposition of a highly metabolized drug by changes in plasma protein binding and/or hepatic metabolism.
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Dec 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSimilar motor block effects with different disposition kinetics between lidocaine and (+ or -) articaine in patients undergoing axillary brachial plexus block during day case surgery.
The aim of this investigation was to compare the clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and articaine in two groups of 15 patients undergoing axillary brachial plexus anesthesia. ⋯ For the axillary administration, lidocaine and articaine show similar pharmacodynamics with a different pharmacokinetic behavior and can therefore be used to the clinical preference for this regional anesthetic technique.