Scand J Urol Nephrol
-
Scand J Urol Nephrol · Jan 2008
Review Case ReportsRenal artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to blunt trauma nine years earlier: case report and review of the literature.
This report describes a 59-year-old male with a renal artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to blunt trauma from a snowmobile accident. The patient presented with haematuria and flank pain, 9 years after the injury. ⋯ The diagnosis was delayed because the doctors were unaware of the initial trauma. In cases of haematuria, flank pain and computed tomography showing a tumour in the renal hilum, the patient should be questioned about previous abdominal trauma, as pseudoaneurysms can rupture many years after the causative injury.
-
Treatment for childhood nocturnal enuresis emphasizes either a psychological or pharmacological approach. The enuresis alarm, in comparative studies, has emerged as the most effective psychological treatment. In this review we investigate both outcome rates and influential factors from recently published studies. ⋯ The enuresis alarm is an effective intervention for children with nocturnal enuresis. There are a number of factors, both pre- and within-treatment, that appear to influence its effectiveness and may assist clinical decisions concerning its appropriateness for any particular child.
-
Scand J Urol Nephrol · Jan 2004
ReviewTraditional and non-traditional risk factors as contributors to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although traditional risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and advanced age, are prevalent in ESRD patients they may not be sufficient by themselves to account for the high prevalence of CVD in patients with this condition. Thus, the search for other, non-traditional, risk factors that may be involved in the pathogenesis of uremic CVD has been an area of intense study. ⋯ Thus, it could be speculated that suppression of the vicious cycle of malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome) would improve survival in dialysis patients. Recent evidence has demonstrated strong associations between inflammation and both increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in ESRD patients. As there is not yet any recognized, or even proposed, treatment for ESRD patients with chronic inflammation it would be of obvious interest to study the long-term effect of various anti-inflammatory treatment strategies on the nutritional and cardiovascular status as well as outcome of these patients.
-
Aspirin is a widely used drug for its analgetic, antiinflamatory and antipyretic effects as well as for prophylactic effect in cardiovascular diseases. However, an increased number of operative hemorrhagic complications in patients on daily aspirin have been reported, an adverse effect highly relevant in urology. In this review the normal hemostatic mechanism and the chief pharmacological effect of aspirin on hemostasis is described. ⋯ Few reports indicate that aspirin increases bleeding and need for transfusion following prostatectomy, but no placebo-controlled clinical trials with large patient groups have been carried out. Following prostate biopsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy aspirin-induced hemorrhagic complications have been reported. Cessation of aspirin ingestion one week prior to invasive urologic procedures and correction of bleeding complications with desmopressin, platelet concentration or fresh whole blood is described.
-
Scand J Urol Nephrol · Sep 1994
Review Case ReportsNephrogenic ascites. Case report and review of the literature.
Nephrogenic ascites is a clinical diagnosis defined as persistent ascites in an uremic patient without evidence for a causative (specific) underlying disease. The incidence is not known. Contributing mechanisms may include peritoneal membrane changes, fluid overload, hyperparathyroidism, reduced lymphatic drainage, heart failure and hypoproteinemia. ⋯ Peritoneal dialysis has been shown to resolve ascites, however, the only effective treatment is so far renal transplantation. The development of nephrogenic ascites is associated with a poor prognosis. Thus, one year after the development of nephrogenic ascites 1/3 had died.