Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Case Reports4-Methylpyrazole and hemodialysis in ethylene glycol poisoning.
Two patients severely intoxicated with ethylene glycol became anuric and were treated by hemodialysis and the antidote, 4-methylpyrazole. On admission, their plasma ethylene glycol concentrations were 0.42 and 3 g/L respectively and no alcohol was detected. The elimination of 4-methylpyrazole in the dialysate represented 45% of the total body elimination. Clearances of 4-methylpyrazole by hemodialysis were 80 mL/min and 52 mL/min respectively. ⋯ In such cases, the authors propose infusion of a 4-methylpyrazole loading dose of 10-20 mg/kg before dialysis and intravenous infusion of 1-1.5 mg/kg/h during the 8-12 hours of hemodialysis to compensate the loss in dialysate.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Review Case ReportsHemolysis after acetaminophen overdose in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
A sixteen year-old-male with a history of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ingested an unknown amount of acetaminophen and presented to an emergency department 7.5 h later. He was afebrile. His serum acetaminophen level was 184 micrograms/mL, and his urine toxicologic screen was otherwise negative. Vomiting led to enrollment in a experimental protocol of intravenous N-acetylcysteine. He developed no evidence of subsequent chemical hepatitis but did develop a significant Coomb's negative hemolytic anemia. Hemoglobin on presentation was 14 g/dL and reached a nadir of 9.4 g/dL on admission day 4. ⋯ Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency who overdose with acetaminophen should be monitored for the possible development of subsequent drug-induced hemolysis.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Review Case ReportsSalicylism from topical salicylates: review of the literature.
Although topical salicylates are widely used, toxicity from this route is rare. ⋯ Her serum salicylate fell to 1.90 mmol/L (26 mg/dL) over a two day period and she regained a normal mental status.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Review Case ReportsHepatitis, rash and eosinophilia following trichloroethylene exposure: a case report and speculation on mechanistic similarity to halothane induced hepatitis.
A previously healthy 30-year-old male began work as a degreaser. The solvent used in the degreasing operation was trichloroethylene. Over the next month he experienced symptoms of weakness, dizziness, decreased appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, chills, dry skin, red rash with bumps, peeling face, and itching. At that time he had marked liver enzyme elevation without evidence of cholestasis. CBC was remarkable for a significant number of atypical lymphocytes. Two weeks later his liver enzymes showed a marked reduction in ALT from a peak of 1250 IU to 717 IU. Tests for Hepatitis A, B, and C, CMV, HIV1 were all negative. The night following his first day back at work he had a recurrence of a red, diffuse rash without any consumption of alcohol. The rash caused tremendous itching. Over the next few days off work the rash continued and peeled. Physical examination one week after re-exposure was remarkable for diffuse, erythematous rash; some peeling skin and pitting edema to the knees. ALT was 517 IU/L. White blood cell count was 10,100/mm3 with 27% eosinophilia. ⋯ This patient had possibly experienced sensitization to trichloroethylene, or more likely, to one of its metabolites. Similar symptoms attributed to trichloroethylene have been reported in only a few other patients. Patch testing with trichloroethylene and its metabolites may better clarify a causal relationship in future patients. If an immune mechanism is involved it may be similar to one postulated for halothane induced hepatitis.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics of hydroxocobalamin in smoke inhalation victims.
Hydroxocobalamin has been proposed as a cyanide antidote. Little is known, however, about its pharmacokinetics in human cyanide poisoning. ⋯ The apparent volume of distribution suggests a predominantly extracellular partitioning of the antidote, even in the presence of cyanide, an important factor in terms of its antidotal effect. Hydroxocobalamin's elimination half-life in these cyanide-exposed patients far exceeds those found in previous studies of dogs and minimally-exposed humans. If confirmed, this half-life suggests that a single dose of hydroxocobalamin, sufficiently large enough to bind the cyanide present, should be adequate.