Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
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Rhythms on electroencephalography (EEG) are known to slow with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), however electroencephalographic bicoherence analysis, one of the methods to examine EEG synchronization, which is necessary for the understanding of the network regulation involved, has been poorly examined in this period. ⋯ CPB caused the EEG de-synchronous features, which are not quantified by the BIS algorithm. It has the possibility to increase the vulnerability of nociceptive perception.
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To assess the temporal relationship between skin nerve denervation and regeneration (dermal and intra-epidermal fibres, IENF) and functional changes (CO(2) laser-evoked potentials, LEPs, and quantitative sensory tests, QST) after topical cutaneous application of capsaicin. ⋯ Assessing skin biopsies by PGP9.5 immunostaining alone may miss significant diagnostic and prognostic information regarding regenerating nerve fibres, if other approaches are neglected, e.g. LEPs or GAP-43 immunostaining.
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Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is used for focus localization in presurgical evaluation of patients with focal epilepsies. In this proof-of-concept study, general anesthesia with etomidate was used to improve effectiveness of MEG-recordings. ⋯ These results could facilitate larger studies on the usefulness and safety of general anesthesia with etomidate that record and localize epileptic activity in patients with focal epilepsy by MEG.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial
Slow (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces a sustained change in cortical excitability in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Low-frequency (< or =1 Hz) rTMS (LF-rTMS) can reduce excitability in the underlying cortex and/or promote inhibition. In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) several TMS elicited features of motor corticospinal physiology suggest presence of impaired inhibitory mechanisms. These include shortened silent period (SP) and slightly steeper input-output (I-O) curve of motor evoked potential (MEP) size than in normal controls. However, studies of LF-rTMS effects on inhibitory mechanisms in PD are scarce. In this companion paper to the clinical paper describing effects of four consecutive days of LF-rTMS on dyskinesia in PD (Filipović et al., 2009), we evaluate the delayed (24h) effects of the LF-rTMS treatment on physiological measures of excitability of the motor cortex in the same patients. There are very few studies of physiological follow up of daily rTMS treatments. ⋯ The results confirm the existence of a residual after-effect of consecutive daily applications of rTMS that might be relevant to the clinical effect that was observed in this group of patients and could be further exploited for potential therapeutic uses.
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Propofol is an emulsion formulation of 2,6 diisopropylphenol developed in 1975. Widely recognized, it offers beneficial effects compared with other sedative drugs. ⋯ Since technological advances over recent years have allowed an ever-increasing number of patients undergoing propofol therapy to be monitored by using continuous digital EEG, it is important to have a complete understanding of the effects of propofol on EEG in diverse clinical scenarios. This paper presents a review of the effects of propofol in electroencephalograms and discusses proconvulsive, anticonvulsive proprieties and the EEG findings in different medical conditions.