The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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Review Meta Analysis
Perioperative Risk Factors for Persistent Postsurgical Pain after Inguinal Hernia Repair: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) is one of the most bothersome and disabling long-term complications after inguinal hernia repair surgery. Understanding perioperative risk factors that contribute to PPSP can help identify high-risk patients and develop risk-mitigation approaches. The objective of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze risk factors that contribute to PPSP after inguinal hernia repair. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the current evidence on risk factors for persistent pain after inguinal hernia repair. The findings can help identify patients at risk and test personalized risk-mitigation approaches to prevent pain. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: htttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=154663.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Subcutaneous Oxytocin Injection Reduces Heat Pain: A randomized-controlled trial.
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide broadly implicated in social relationships and behavior. OT also exerts antinociceptive and pain-reducing effects in both humans and rodents. Recent research in rodents demonstrates that these effects can be peripheral and local. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: This randomized-controlled trial showed that a subcutaneous injection of OT could reduce perception of heat pain tested with a thermode. OT did not alter mechanical or pressure pain or thresholds for perceiving heat pain. These findings are relevant to scientists and clinicians seeking nonaddictive local drug treatments for pain.
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Social determinants of health play a key role in health disparities. Dysmenorrhea is a highly prevalent and impactful public health problem affecting reproductive-age females. Systematically examining social determinants of health (SDoH) in dysmenorrhea is important for identifying gaps in the literature and informing research, policy, and clinical practice to reduce the public health burden associated with dysmenorrhea. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: This systematic review synthesizes evidence linking SDoH and dysmenorrhea. The relationships between SDoH and dysmenorrhea were often equivocal and complicated by heterogeneous study populations and methodologies. We identify directions for future research and SDoH factors that could be addressed clinically (eg, trauma, menstrual education, and occupational stress).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
COMT Variants are Associated With Breast and Nipple Pain.
Estimates suggest that only 24.9% of infants born in 2019 were exclusively breastfed before 6 months of age, despite the known health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. Breast and nipple pain is one of the primary determinants of exclusive breastfeeding. Environmental contributions to breastfeeding success have been reported extensively in the literature, but the contribution(s) of maternal genetics has yet to be discovered. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: Two SNPs in the pain gene COMT are associated with breast and nipple pain. Clinically, a minor allele in COMT rs4633 and rs4680 may increase a woman's rating of moderate breast and nipple pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROMPT was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (protocol #NCT05262920).
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Relatively recently, in 2009, experimental studies were undertaken to determine the role of social observational learning in forming hypoalgesic, analgesic and hyperalgesic responses to a placebo. The research findings obtained in studies published before 2018 were integrated and formed the basis of the theoretical model of social learning of placebo effects in pain proposed by Bajcar and Bąbel. This model considered the involvement of different types of modeling (ie, behavioral modeling, symbolic modeling, and verbal modeling) in shaping placebo hypoalgesia/analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia. ⋯ Notably, the extended version of the model considers the contribution of the characteristics of the observed person to the magnitude of placebo effects induced by social learning. PERSPECTIVE: The paper proposes a comprehensive theoretical approach to explaining the role of observational learning in shaping placebo effects in pain. The proposed model emphasizes the potential of this form of learning in shaping placebo responses and indicates factors that can modify the effectiveness of observational learning.