Articles: surgery.
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This was a single-center prospective clinical and radiographic analysis of pedicle screw instrumentation with Robotic-assisted navigation (RAN) and augmented reality (AR). ⋯ RAN and AR both achieved high accuracy in lumbosacral pedicle screw placement, proving reliable for this procedure. However, RAN resulted in significantly more Grade-A screw placements than AR.
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Obesity affects approximately 21% of US adolescents and is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep disorders, depression, and musculoskeletal problems. Obesity during adolescence has also been associated with an increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. ⋯ The prevalence of adolescent obesity is approximately 21% in the US. Treatment options for adolescents with obesity include lifestyle modification therapy, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and bariatric surgery. Intensive lifestyle modification therapy reduces BMI by approximately 3% while pharmacotherapy added to lifestyle modification therapy can attain BMI reductions ranging from 5% to 17%. Surgery is the most effective intervention for adolescents with severe obesity and has been shown to achieve BMI reduction of approximately 30%.
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To assess trends in patients' decisions to decline cancer surgery in the United States by race and ethnicity. ⋯ Patients from racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely to decline surgical intervention for potentially curable malignancies and these differences have persisted over time. Further work is needed to understand the causes of these differences and identify opportunities for improvement.